Anamnesis ( Greek ανάμνησις - memory) - in Christianity, part of the Eucharistic prayer (anaphora) , which recalls the affairs of the history of the salvation of mankind, including the Last Supper [1] . The name comes from the words of Jesus Christ said during the Last Supper: “Do this in remembrance of me (anamnesis)” (Luke 22:19; 1 Cor. 11:24). The anamnesis includes installation (secret installation) words. Anamnesis may be present in other non-liturgical services.
Traces of anamnesis as part of the Eucharistic prayer can be traced back to the time of Justin the Philosopher .
In the Western Christian tradition, anamnesis, as a rule, follows epiclesis , while in anaphora of eastern rites ( Byzantine , West Syrian , East Syrian , etc.) anamnesis precedes epiclesis (invocation of the Holy Spirit on the Gifts).
Anamnesis has its roots in the Old Testament Easter evening, at which participants experienced the events of the Exodus of the people of Israel from Egypt. Anamnesis is already present in the earliest Christian anaphora.
Content
Anamnesis and setting words
Anamnesis and installation words form an inextricable whole [2] , however, anamnesis can be wider than installation words, since in addition to the words of Jesus Christ it includes a memory of all stages of the history of salvation, starting with the creation of the world and ending with the death on the cross and the resurrection of Christ .
Text
Byzantine Rite
In the Byzantine rite, the text of the anamnesis before the setting words is read secretly by the priest, and the setting words are pronounced aloud. The anamnesis of the liturgy of Basil the Great is almost five times longer than in the liturgy of John Chrysostom and includes a recollection of both Old Testament works of the history of salvation and a detailed recollection of the cross sacrifice of Jesus Christ.
Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (priest's exclamations are highlighted in bold, the rest is read secretly):
With these and we are blessed Forces, the Lord is Humane, with a cry and a verb: Holy and Most Holy, You and Your Only Begotten Son, and Your Holy Spirit. Thou art holy and Most Holy, and Your glory is magnificent! Even Thy peace was loved by Thou, as Thy Son of the Only Begotten Dan, that whoever believes in Him will not perish, but have an eternal belly. Already, he came and everything, a hedgehog about us, fulfilling a look, in the night, in a sense of surrender, moreover, Himself betraying Himself for the worldly belly, take bread in His holy and pure and immaculate hands, thanking and blessing, sanctifying, breaking, giving to the saints By his disciple and apostle, rivers:
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The anamnesis of Basil the Great is much larger: it tells of the creation of the first man and his fall , the granting of law and prophets to Israel, the coming of the Son of God, His sacrifice of the cross, resurrection and ascension .
Roman Rite
In the modern Roman rite , four anaphora are used : the Roman canon, traditional for the Latin church, and three other anaphora, introduced in the XX century. Anamnesis in the Roman rite is entirely read aloud.
Roman canon:
On the eve of His sufferings, He took bread in His holy and venerable hands, raised His eyes to heaven, to You, God Almighty Father, and offering thanksgiving to You, broke it and gave it to His disciples, saying:
Also, after supper, having taken this glorious cup in His holy and venerable hands, again offering thanks to You, he blessed and served His disciples, saying:
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Notes
- ↑ Memory as the Eucharist
- ↑ Mass of the Classical Roman Rite (forma extraordinaria)
- ↑ Liturgy.ru Archived on October 22, 2009.
- ↑ Mass rite Archived February 18, 2006.
Sources
- Anafora // Cyprian (Kern) , archimandrite. "Eucharist"
- The Catholic Encyclopedia ., Ed. Franciscans, M., 2002, v. 1