Karatuzskoe

The construction of the Abakan (1707) and Sayan (1717) prison fortresses on the Yenisei consolidated Russian dominance in the Sayan Territory. Burinsky 1727 and Kyakhtinsky 1728 treaties established the border with China. In the 20-30s of the 18th century, 20 yasak and a small detachment of Krasnoyarsk year-old cossacks passed through it once a year.

In connection with rumors of an attack by the Dzungaria, the garrison of Sayansk in 1745 was increased to 60 people with 6 guns. In the 50s, the Sayan fort was rebuilt; the Tashtyp and Monok guards were founded on the tributaries of the same river. Abakan. They are marked on the military map of 1759. The number of Cossacks in Sayansk decreased in 1751 to 30, in 1757 to 20 people.

In the 60s of the 18th century, the Irbinsky Plant was reopened and free resettlement of state peasants was allowed. The number of guards in Prisayanie increased to six. One of them was founded around 1767 on a tributary of the Tuba Amyle River at the confluence of the r. Shadat.

Since 1768, the Cossacks began to settle near the guards. The Cossack villages of Tashtyp and Baikalovo were marked by the expedition of Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811), who visited Sayansk on September 12, 1772. Here the Cossacks lived in the village of Ust-Oy. They served in the prison and at the outposts of Oy-Kebezhsky, Narysogoysky and Shadatsky.

In 1773, the Shedatsky Guard was visited by the sergeant of geodesy Yegor Yakovlevich Pesterev. In 1775, “ for the construction of barracks and other things ” 15 axes and other tools were allocated. Pesterev allocated land for houses and fields to the Abakan Cossacks, who, one of all the frontier, were engaged in agriculture. The Cossack village of Arbat appeared. At the same time, on the left bank of the river. Tuba was founded by D. Shoshina. Cossacks with this name served in the Shadat outpost. The list of 1785 lists 5 Cossack villages (neither Shadat nor Karatuz are among them).

September 15, 1785 due to the fact that the "Shedatsky fortress was burnt", it was allowed to build a fortress 15 miles from the old one, in the place allotted to Pesterev.

"... Abakan Cossacks, henceforth, didn’t have any kind of cultivation under the guards, because they were not settled by houses under the guards; however, when I was at my border, I was ordered to settle them under the guards; but as with all the guards there are quite a lot of lands capable of cultivation then they now have not only livelihoods for their families, but also have enough bread to sell. s above the river Arbat, a tributary of the Abakan river; Tashtypsky at river Tashtyp ... (Notes about the implications of some Chinese residents boundaries as Russian yasashnyh Tatars and Chinese Mungals and Soyutah makes Egor Pestereva, from 1772 to 1781, when he was under the name of the border commissioner when composing the map and finding the interpreted border signs that came to the unknown, and the border line between the Russian Empire and the Chinese state, lying from the Irkutsk province through the Krasnoyarsk district, to the former Zengor possession / New monthly essays. Ed. N. Ya. Ozeretskovsky and A.P. Protasov. - Part 82 (apr.). - St. Petersburg, 1793).

In the confessional painting of the Tobolsk diocese, the Krasnoyarsk order, the village of Kuraginsky, the Arkhangelsk church in 1788, for the first time, a painting of "serving and retired Cossacks and their households in the village of Karatuska" appears. 61 audit souls, including wives and children, lived in 10 yards. The first inhabitants of the village were Cossack families: the Kudrins, Skobeevs, Yushkovs, Shakhovs, Chess, Belosludov, Strizhenov, Lazitsky, Kovrigins.

Thus, the foundation of Karatuz by the Cossacks of the Shadat guard occurred between 1785 and 1788, the year of foundation can be considered 1787.

The registration metric book of the Kuraginsky Church in January 1789 first recorded Vasily Ivanov Yushkov and in November 1789 Alexei Petrov Shoshin, as the married residents of the "village of Karatuskoy." The village lived.

On the map of Kolyvan governorship in 1792 near the river. Amyl below Shadat is designated "Shedatsky burial. guard ”, even lower upstream between the left tributaries - the settlement of“ Shedatsky Cossacks ”.

The toponymic dictionary of the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory explains the origin of the word “Karatuz” from the name of the river on which the village stands and gives it the following meaning: “Khara Tus (Black Salt)”. There are four rivers with the same name in the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

1. R. Karatuz right tributary of the river. Derbina (Balakhtinsky district);
2. R. Karatuz, right tributary of the river. Khabyk (Idrinsky district);
3. R. Karatuz left tributary of the river. Amyl (Karatuzsky district);
4. R. Karatuzsk right tributary of the river. Jeb (Kuraginsky district).

The first civil governor of the Yenisei province, Alexander Petrovich Stepanov (1781-1837) wrote:

“ Cossack outposts are located in a line on a space of 250 versts along the Mongolian border ... To the outpost of Shadatsky the road is torn, goes through Minusinsk, through the village of Tesinskoye and the village of Shoshu. But straight from Kebezh riding a steppe road through a vast plain, in the middle of which ridges of hills lie, and then copses of birch. On the right side you can see the end of the Sayansky ridge. Ahead is the high mountain Kamysh-tag and, not reaching it, on a high hill, an outpost of Shadatsky, on the river. Kazga-Tube without any strengthening .

... The villages are located in beautiful places, nature endowed them in abundance: fertile fields, flowering meadows, fish, game, animals, animals, cattle and horses. For this, residents do not remain ungrateful. "They are engaged in lean farming and cattle breeding, they live extremely neatly, calmly, glorifying God and the King ."

The Finnish ethnographer and linguist Matias Aleksanteri Kastren (1813–1852), who traveled to Siberia in 1845–1849, also visited Karatuz on July 5 (17), 1847:

“ ... the entire population along the Tuba consists of natives, exiled and shabby tribes; due to the fertility of the soil, it is quite large here, while the shores of the large tributaries of its Amyl, Kizir, and Zizim have almost not yet been cultivated. The highest settlement in this entire river region is the Shadat Cossack outpost, located at the large river Karatus that flows into Amyl. A few versts above it the carriageway stops, and only a narrow path leads the traveler up the Amyl to the Sayan Mountains . ”

The village is located in the southeastern part of the Minusinsk depression, at the spurs of the East Sayan, in the Amyl River basin , which forms the Tuba River, which flows into the Yenisei , at the confluence with the Kazyr River. The surrounding relief is mostly bumpy-flat, dissected by valleys. The height is from 300 to 700 m. For example, the nearby mountains Shumilikha and Ararat, at the foot of which the village is located, have a height of 370 and 480 meters, respectively. Some low-mountain massifs are composed of shales, sandstones, conglomerates, marls, limestones, as well as tuffs, porphyrites and syenites of the Paleozoic age, which are covered by loam, loess and sandy loam in lower areas. The climate is continental, sometimes arid. The average January temperature is from –16 ° to –20.5 ° C, and June is from +18.2 to +19.6 ° C. In winter, there are frosts up to -52 ° C, and in summer the temperature sometimes rises to +45 ° C. The duration of the growing season is about 150-160 days.

The main area of ​​specialization is agriculture.

Large enterprises of the village:

• Open Joint-Stock Company Karatuzkhleboprodukt - production of bakery products
• State Enterprise "Karatuz Road Repair and Construction Management" - Repair and maintenance of roads, crop production
• State enterprise "Karatuzsk motor transport enterprise" - Intercity automobile (bus) passenger transportation
• Karatuz TeploVodoKanal Limited Liability Company - Housing and utilities
• Limited Liability Company “Karatuzsky District Union” - Sales of Consumer Goods
• Limited Liability Company “Karatuzsky grain reception center” - grain processing and storage
• Karatuz Repair and Transport Enterprise Limited Liability Company - repair of agricultural machinery and units

The Kochergino-Karatuzskoe highway is connected to the Minusinsk-Kuskun highway, from where there is access to Abakan , Kuragino and Krasnoyarsk . Several roads also leave from Karatuzsky to a number of settlements in the Karatuzsky region: Upper Kuzhebar, Shirishtyk (with access to the P257 highway to the Tanzibey village) and others. A roundabout road has been built around Karatuzsky.

In the village there is a single church - Peter and Paul (built in 1852), a local history museum (located in the building of the former church parish school), a children's and adult library.

Currently, there is practically nothing left of the old building of Karatuz, the last historical houses (the building of the Higher Primary School, the house of the tradesman Krylov, the building in the hospital complex "the house of the merchant Kolobova", etc.) are currently either demolished or rebuilt and covered with siding with the consent of local authorities.