Skhodnenskaya (Tushinsky) bowl (bucket) is a natural monument , part of the Moscow Tushinsky Natural Park . The bowl is an “ amphitheater ” with a landslide relief [1] around the swampy floodplain of the Skhodnya River .
| Sight | |
| Skhodnensky bowl | |
|---|---|
 View of Skhodnensky bowl from a quadrocopter | |
| A country |  Russia |
| City | Moscow |
Skhodnenskaya bowl is located on the territory of the South Tushino district of the North-Western administrative district of Moscow . On three sides, the “Chalice” is bounded by high steep root banks, in the southern part there is a loop of the Skhodnya channel. The diameter of the “Cup” along the edge of the slopes is up to 1 km, the depth is about 40 m, the area is about 75 ha [2] or 107 ha according to other sources [3] , in the second case the cup is the third largest natural monument in Moscow (only the Shchukinsky Peninsula is larger - 450 hectares, Serebryanoborsky terrace - 300 hectares).
The bowl was formed in the postglacial period , when a more full-flowing Skhodnya flowed at the current upper edge of the cliff. Over time, the riverbed deepened, retreating southward under the pressure of bedrock, until a somewhat shallow river was at the bottom of the ravine [4] .
The territory of the bowl is limited from the north by Jan Rainis Boulevard , from the east by Donelaitis passage , from the south-west by Factory Passage , and from the north-west by Svetlogorsk passage . In the southern part of the park, on the right bank of the Skhodnya, is the “Trud” stadium, belonging to the Tushino hosiery factory (until 1929, the “Provodnik” plant [4] ).
Nearest transport hubs: Skhodnenskaya metro station , Knitted train platform.
Content
Biological Diversity
The slopes of the bowl are covered with mixed vegetation: birch , ash , maple , poplar along the slope; there are aspen , oak , elm , mountain ash, and others. At the riverbed: floodplain throat bogs, an extensive sedge -and- cattail swamp with a three-leaf shift , horsetail , multi- spike cannon, thickets of small willows and small bogs [2] .
In the territory of the park nests: moorhen , reed-badger , nightingale , bluethroat , common oatmeal , etc. [2]
At the end of the 20th century, the following species of animals were listed on the territory of the bowl, listed in the Red Book of Moscow : sharp-faced frog , common newt , viviparous lizard , common already , weasel , hare ; birds - snipe , moorhen , meadow horse [5] . In 2004, hares and weasels could no longer be found, one of the reasons for their disappearance, animal defenders called stray dogs [6]
At the end of the 20th century, the bowl was a stopping place for flocks of migratory birds ( ducks , waders ) during the spring migration [7] .
History
On the banks of the Skhodnya River, they find traces of human settlements of reasonable times of the Stone Age , Paleolithic: the bones of a primitive bull , musky musk ox and reindeer [8] .
In the Tushino bowl, on the banks of Skhodnya, during excavation, a similar skull cover dating to the Upper Paleolithic was found [9] . In the bowl is also located the Tushino settlement of the early Iron Age ( Dyakovskaya culture ), investigated in 1927 by archaeologist K. Ya. Vinogradov [4] Near the settlement there was a burial mound of the XI - XIII centuries [10] .
An ancient trade route passed here, probably operating from the first millennium BC. e. according to the 13th century e. [4] The path connected Moscow with Vladimir and Suzdal . On the Skhodnya River (aka Vkhodnya, Vhodna), the vessels rose upstream (ascended, entered) to the trail near the village of Cherkizovo, and then were dragged to Klyazma , the vessels descended (exited, descended), from which the name of the river came [11] .
In the vicinity of the bowl there were villages and villages: Gorodishche (on the site of the ancient Dyakovo settlement), Naumova (died out of the plague in 1664 ), Petrovo and Brattsevo . The last two villages existed until 1980 .
In the 1940-60s, the area of Southern Tushino was built up.
Since the 1970s, hang gliders trained in the Skhodnensky bucket [12] .
Until the 1990s, the slopes of the bowl were used for gardens [13] .
In 1991, the area was given the status of a specially protected natural area [14] . In June 1998, by a regulation of the Moscow Government, the territory of the park was included in the Tushinsky Natural Park complex, which has the status of specially protected natural territories [15] .
In 2004, the official name “Skhodnensky bucket, Donelaitis passage” was changed to “Skhodnensky bowl” [16] .
In Culture
In the Skhodnensky bowl, many episodes of the film " Dislike " directed by Andrei Zvyagintsev were shot.
Gallery
Skhodnensky bucket. View from Petrov
Skhodnya river at the bottom of the bucket
See also
- Petrovo - a former village on the northern slope of the bowl
- Spas - a former village south of the bowl
- Brattsevo - the area northwest of the bowl
- Tushino
Links
- View of Skhodnensky bucket from a height of 700 m
- WikiMapia Description Page
- Website "Tushinsky hamster". Library / Tushino / Historical Tushino / Manors, parks, natural monuments / Skhodnensky bucket - photos, stories
Notes
- ↑ Report on the state of the environment in the city of Moscow in 2007 - Chapter 7. Development of geological processes in the city of Moscow. Archived October 22, 2008 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 3 Skhodnenskaya (Tushinskaya) bowl // Moscow: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. S. O. Schmidt ; comp .: M.I. Andreev, V.M. Karev. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1997 .-- 976 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-277-3 . 1997
- ↑ Yu. N. Shnurkov. Experience in landscaping and the natural complex of the city of Moscow / Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow, 2002
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Oleg Mosin. Primitive parking near Moscow
- ↑ Natural monument “Tushino bowl”. (unavailable link) / State Darwin Museum, 2005
- ↑ "Zodoprobitelnaya policy" Archived copy of January 27, 2006 on the Wayback Machine with reference to Natalya Arsenyeva. Moskovsky Komsomolets 01/14/2005
- ↑ Chapter Green corridors from the book City and Nature / K.N. Blagosklonov, K.V. Avilova. - M.: Publishing House of the Center for the Protection of Wildlife, 2002. - 183 p.
- ↑ S.V. Konovalova. E. M. Shlyaeva. From the experience of the pilot sites: Educational and ecological trail “Biocenoses of the Skhodnensky Chalice” (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Map “Monuments of Archeology of the Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages and the Natural Situation of the First Millennium N.E. on the Territory of Moscow” [1] (inaccessible link) / Moscow History publication of the Mosgorarkhiv publishing association (on the site “In Search of the Goledyanka River” Archived October 7, 2008 on Wayback Machine ).
- ↑ Map “Monuments of Archeology of the Xth — First Half of the 13th Centuries on the Territory of Moscow” / “History of Moscow”, “Mosgorarchiv” [2] (unavailable link)
- ↑ Names of Moscow streets . Toponymic Dictionary / R. A. Ageeva, G. P. Bondaruk, E. M. Pospelov and others; author foreword E.M. Pospelov. - M .: OGI, 2007. - (Moscow Library). - ISBN 5-94282-432-0 . .
- ↑ The Late 1977 Telecast (Unavailable Link)
- ↑ Skhodnya River - rival of Yauza / “Tushino” (a book from the series Natural and Cultural Heritage of Moscow)
- ↑ Decision of the Presidium of the Moscow City Council of People’s Deputies of 17.10.91 No. 201 “On State Natural Monuments of Local Importance in the City of Moscow”
- ↑ Official site of the North Tushino Culture and Leisure Park. Park status
- ↑ "On Natural Monuments in the City of Moscow" Decree of the Government of Moscow of June 8, 2004 No. 383-PP