Trailer

Trailers are divided according to the distribution of weight and load between the tractor and trailer:

• the trailer is a self-sufficient vehicle and can be attached to any tractor using a drawbar through a coupling device (for example, a hook-loop system). The weight of the cargo is transferred to the road through the supporting frame of the trailer and then exclusively through its own wheels; The connection between the trailer and the tractor is used only to transmit traction.
• the semitrailer is aggregated with a specialized truck tractor through a towing device ("saddle") of the tractor using a coupling pin . The weight of the cargo is completely transferred to the supporting frame of the trailer, and then distributed between the own wheels of the semi-trailer and the wheels of the tractor. The connection of the trailer with the tractor serves to transfer both this load and traction. The semitrailer is not able to move without being connected to the tractor; to ensure its stability at this time, it is equipped with folding or retractable racks.
• The dissolution is a hybrid of a trailer and a semi-trailer and is intended for the transportation of long goods as part of a specialized road train. The transported cargo relies on special lodgements - the so-called "conics": its front part - on the conic of the tractor, and the back - on the conic of dissolution; at the same time, the weight of the cargo is partially transferred to the tractor, and partially to the supporting frame and the dissolution wheels. To ensure the transfer of traction, the dissolution is equipped with a drawbar of constant or variable length; sometimes the role of the drawbar is performed by the long load itself.

According to the number of axles, trailers are divided into single, double and multi-axle. According to the type of cargo platform (type of cargo transported) in domestic practice, trailers are usually divided into flatbed, tipper, dissolving trailers, tank trailers, wagon trailers, heavy-duty trailers, passenger trailers, special trailers. A similar division applies to semi-trailers.

In the designs of trailers, semi-trailers and dissolutions, various steering systems can be used to improve the controllability of the road train. Coupling devices are generally standardized. Trailers and semi-trailers can be equipped with an active wheel drive from the tractor engine (“active road train”); such a drive is usually carried out mechanically through a coupling device, or a hydraulic drive is used. In a number of designs of active road trains (the so-called two-link road train), the engine can be located in the rear section.

Unofficially also use the term "trailer" (from the English trailer "trailer"). A trailer is a trailer or semi-trailer specially designed for the transport of machinery, vehicles or special cargoes (heavy, long, etc. - "heavy-duty trailers"). Sometimes trailers are also called car trailer trailers, equipped as mobile living quarters, used for living and traveling, and sometimes as temporary housing.

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  Biaxial dissolution as part of a timber truck

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  Trailer car

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  Tractor unit with trailer

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  Steam locomotive on a special platform for the transportation of heavy cargo

• Road train
• Trailer
• Tractor
• Active trailer

• Volgin V.V. Trailers for cars. - Astrel, 2005 .-- 89 p. - ISBN 5-17-031213-X .

• Trailers and towing devices for cars