Bruhman’s spirants are the fricative consonants Þ, Þh, ð, ðh that the German linguist Karl Brugman reconstructed in the pre-Indo-European language based on a number of correspondences.
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A modern view of the problem
According to modern concepts, in these lexemes in the Indo-European parent language there was a concatenation of connectives of the TK type (where T is any dental closure, and K is any posterolinguistic closure ). In most descendant languages, this combination has undergone various phonetic changes, namely:
- metathesis : greek group
- Metathesis and Spiritualization of the Second Element: Indo-Iranian Group
- loss of the first element of the combination: Slavic , Baltic , Germanic , Italian , Armenian , Albanian
- loss of the second element of the combination: Celtic languages .
Examples
Tokens in which there was this combination:
- great-ie Hrtk'os ( bear ): Greek ἄρκτος , Skt. ऋक्षः (r̥kṣaḥ), arm. arj et al. art, lat. ursus ;
- great-ie d h g ' h em (earth): dr. χθών , Skt. क्षम् (kṣam), alb. dhe lat humus , lit. žemė , Russian land ;
- great-ie tetkon- (carpenter): dr. τέκτων , Skt. तक्षः (takṣaḥ).
Literature
- Ivanov V.V. Proceedings on the etymology of Indo-European and Ancient Near Asian languages. Volume 1. Indo-European roots in the Hittite language. - M .: Languages of Slavic cultures: Znak, 2007.
- Schindler J. A thorny problem // Die Sprache. Bd. 23, 1977. S. 25-35.