Spanish Kozelec , or Spanish Scorzonera , or Black root , or Sweet root ( Latin: Scorzonera hispanica ) - a species of herbaceous plants from the genus Kozelets ( Scorzonera ) of the Asteraceae family , cultivated in a number of countries as a root vegetable .
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Scorzonera hispanica L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
- 1 Distribution and ecology
- 2 Botanical Description
- 3 Meaning and application
- 4 Taxonomy
- 4.1 Subspecies
- 5 Literature
- 6 notes
Distribution and Ecology
The homeland of the Spanish scorzoners is Southern Europe and Southwest Asia . It grows almost throughout Europe , found in Azerbaijan and Georgia . On the territory of Russia grows in the European part , Dagestan , the foothills of the Caucasus , Western Siberia [2] . Currently cultivated everywhere.
It grows on limestone, steppe and rocky slopes. A characteristic plant of the steppe strip.
Botanical Description
Perennial plant , pubescent; later - naked.
The root is cylindrical thick, fleshy.
Stem 25-75 cm tall, erect, densely covered with leaves, branched, bare or slightly cobwebby; branches sticking out, the base of the stem dressed with sheaths of basal leaves.
Leaves are green or bluish green; in the lower part of the stem are ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, with many veins, rough-jagged, with a long petiole , semi-stalky; medium at the base, stem-bearing, oblong-lanceolate, upper awl-shaped.
Inflorescences are a few single baskets at the ends of flower-bearing branches, cylindrical, large. Wrap 20-30 mm long, pubescent, later exposed, leaflets ovate-pointed, slightly woolly pubescent at the edges; reed flowers are light yellow, one and a half times the wrapper.
Fruit - marginal achene 15-16 mm long, with five prominent acicular ridges; equipped with volatiles.
It blooms in May. The fruits ripen in May - June.
Meaning and Application
Root crops contain a significant amount of valuable substances - inulin , asparagine , levulin , etc.
Since the 16th century, the plant has been widely cultivated as a vegetable in Italy , France , the Netherlands and Belgium .
Root crops have various uses in cooking, they are prepared as asparagus or cauliflower , used as a seasoning for soups, as an additive to soft drinks, syrups, ice cream. Go to food by peeling. The root fried in oil is especially good [3] . Along with high palatability, it is of great importance as a dietary vegetable, especially in the diet of elderly people with diabetes , hypertension , with gout , and liver diseases.
Due to the significant content of asparagine in root crops, it has a positive effect on the work of the heart and helps to strengthen the activity of the kidneys .
Leaves can serve as food for silkworms [3] .
Taxonomy
Species Kozelets Spanish is a member of the genus Kozelets ( Scorzonera ) of the family Asteraceae ( Asteraceae ) of the order Asteraceae .
| 12 more families (according to APG II System ) | about 175 more species | ||||||||||||
| Astrocrystal order | clan Kozelets | ||||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | Astrov family | view of Kozelec spanish | |||||||||||
| 44 more order flowering plants (according to APG II System ) | another 900-1000 births | ||||||||||||
Subspecies
- Scorzonera hispanica subsp. asphodeloides ( Wallr. ) Arcang.
Synonyms: Scorzonera asphodeloides Wallr. , Scorzonera hispanica subsp. taurica ( M. Bieb. ) Tzvelev , Scorzonera marschalliana CAMey. , Scorzonera stricta Hornem. , Scorzonera taurica M. Bieb. , Scorzonera transtagana Cout.
- Scorzonera hispanica subsp. coronopifolia ( Desf. ) Rouy
Synonyms: Scorzonera brevicaulis Vahl , Scorzonera coronopifolia Desf. , Scorzonera fasciata Pomel , Scorzonera heterophylla Pomel
- Scorzonera hispanica subsp. crispatula ( DC. ) Nyman
Synonym: Scorzonera crispatula (DC.) Boiss.
- Scorzonera hispanica subsp. neapolitana ( Grande ) Greuter
Synonyms: Scorzonera hispanica var. crispatula DC. , Scorzonera hispanica subsp. trachysperma Maire & Weiller , Scorzonera hispanica var. trachysperma ( Guss. ) Fiori , Scorzonera neapolitana Grande , Scorzonera serrulata Viv. , Scorzonera trachysperma guss. , Scorzonera trachysperma Guenth. ex spreng.
Literature
- Dudchenko L.G., Koziakov A.S., Krivenko V.V. Kozelets spanish // Spicy-aromatic and spicy-flavoring plants: Reference book / Ed. ed. K. M. Sytnik. - K .: Naukova Dumka , 1989 .-- S. 114. - 304 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-12-000483-0 .
- Scorzoner // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Notes
- β For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- β According to the GRIN website (see plant card).
- β 1 2 Wild Edible Plants / Ed. Acad. W. A. ββKeller; USSR Academy of Sciences; Mosk. nerd. Garden and Institute of History Mater. culture to them. N. Ya. Marra. - M .: b. and., 1941. - S. 26. - 40 p.