Gremyachevo (Oryol Oblast)

The village is located 12 km from the regional center of Glazunovka along the Ruda River. The border on the right is the Gremyachaya River, formed in the vicinity of Gremyachev, near the Orlovo Nest tract from the confluence of two streams and flowing into the Ruda River.

As of 1866, 862 people lived in the village (418 men and 444 women) ^[1] .

In the XVIII century it belonged to Prince Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (1740-1830). In the description of the land surveyor Sverchkov, who measured the estates of Yu. V. Dolgorukov on July 29, 1780, it is listed as “the village of Gremyachevo” ^[3] (that is, a village without a church, but with a landowner’s yard, outbuildings or a chapel).

The land surveying was called “the village of Gremyachey” and “the village of Gremyachey”: “Number according to the general plan 427. In 3 parts of the plan. The villages of Bogoroditskoye, Gnilusha and the villages of Gremyachey, Golinishchev, Voznesenskaya, Novaya Slobodka and Novoiselennaya from the village of Bogorodskago, and when surveying was called the village of Bogoroditskoye with the village of Gremyachy, from the villages of Gnilushishe, Golenishcheva and Novaya Slobodka, General Anshefer and various orders ) Volodimerovich Dolgorukov. " And further: “... the villages of Gremyachey on the left side of the rivers Gremyachey and Ore. On the river Rude mill on two sets. Income per year brings 100 rubles ” ^[4] .

In the “Economic Notes of the Oryol Uyezd” the village of Gremyachey is described as follows: “The village of the nameless top on the right, the river Gremyachy Kolodez on the left and on both sides of the Ruda river on which pond with a mill about two sets” ^[5] .

In 1774, for the debt of Yu. V. Dolgorukov, Gremyachevo and another village belonging to him next door - Gnilova (modern Gnilusha) - almost went to the treasury, to the palace estates, which appeared in the newspaper Moskovskiye Vedomosti : “From the Moscow Monetnaya The expedition is published that the Lieutenant-General of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment Premier-Mayor and the Cavalier Prince Yury Volodimirovich Dolgorukov, including the number of the treasury of the expeditionary department 74 of the annual debt, to pay for the second term 10,000 rub. yes interest 1000 rubles. and that 11,000 rubles. but didn’t pay <...> why for the indicated unpaid General-Prorutchik Prince Yuryem Volodimirovich Dolgorukovym for the second month in 1774 the sum for 11000 is published overdue to the treasury of the immovable property of Orlovskogo village for a short time, 25. 440 souls, consisting of selenium on the earth and laid in the head salary with all their accessories ” ^[6] . However, the "pastor" was left the right to redeem public debts.

On the map of the Oryol province in the atlas of the Russian Empire Ilyin (1872) and on the map of the Oryol province from the encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron (1897) is indicated as “Clatter”. In the description of the Oryol province, published in 1871, - “Gremyachaya (Gremyak) village at r. Ore. The number of yards is 130. There are 418 males and 444 females ” ^[7] .

On the map of the Oryol Viceroyalty of 1792 it is marked on the place corresponding to the modern location of Gremyachev as “Gremyachevo” and marked with a cross (that is, designated as a settlement with a church) ^[8] . Nothing is known about the existence of the church, but later the village of Gremyachevo was part of the parish of the Church of the Introduction to the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located in the village of Gnilusha, a stone church with three chapels, erected at the expense of Dolgorukov in 1798. The Feast of the Entry of the Virgin into the church is considered a patronage in Gremyachev and is still celebrated on December 4 (although the church in Gnilush has not been around for a long time), and the locals call it “Videnie”.

The prince did not leave direct heirs, therefore, after the death of Dolgorukov (he died in November 1830 from cholera, having outlived all his children), the village of Gremyachevo passed to his great-nephew Dmitry Petrovich Saltykov (December 11, 1827, Petersburg?), The great-grandson of Field Marshal P. S. Saltykov and a friend of the poet Eduard Ivanovich Huber (1814-1847); His poems are devoted to Saltykov, “To Prince D. P. Saltykov” (“At the tomb of a loved one I gaze gaily ...”, 1844) and, probably, “The Last Friend” (1844) ^[9] . His father is Peter Dmitrievich Saltykov (d. 24.11.1889), his mother Vera Fyodorovna Stempkovskaya (d. 1838). In 1852, Dmitry Petrovich Saltykov married in Moscow Elizabeth Ivanovna Yakovleva (1827-1872). Prince D. P. Saltykov was an honorary superintendent of district schools and is listed as the owner of the village of Gremyache and the neighboring village of Kamenka in Gremyachev in the Description of Estates in 1860. At that time, there were 418 peasants and 100 yards in Gremyachy ^[10] . Saltykov also owned the villages Golenishchevo, Ozerki (now uninhabited), Yekaterinovka (now uninhabited), inherited from Dolgorukov, as well as the village of Gnilovo (modern Gnilusha, in the 1866 List of Populated Places of the Russian Empire - “Gnilushushi Village”) and Bogoroditsky (modern Bogorodskoe) ^[1] . All of them are now located on the territory of the Glazunovsky district.

In the middle of the XIX century, the village belonged to the Oryol district of the Bogoroditskaya volost, which also included: the village of Bogoroditskoye-Lower Sloboda, the village of Bogoroditskoye-Verkhnyaya Sloboda, the village of Zareka, the village of Golenishchev, the village of Yekaterinovka-Rogovka, the village of Rotten, the village of Ozerka-Podzerenki , the village of Gremyachaya, the village of Kamenka (the possessions of Prince Saltykov), the village of Zakharovka-New Ore (the possessions of Prince Golenishchev), the village of Tagin-Verkhny Bobrik, the village of Tagin-Nizhnyaya Polyana (the possessions of Count Chernyshev-Kruglikov).

During the Great Patriotic War, the village was occupied by the Germans. In the battles for the liberation of the village took part: 16th Air Army, 3rd Assault Aviation Corps, 225th Assault Aviation Division (July 22, 1942); 16th Air Army, 4th Assault Aviation Corps (July 25–26, 1943); 16th Air Army, 308th Assault Aviation Division, 624th Assault Aviation Regiment (July 25-26, 1943); 13th Army, 4th Guards Airborne Division, 15th Airborne Guards Rifle Regiment (July 28, 1943); 125th Guards Rifle Division, 2nd Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment (August 3, 1943) ^[11] .

After the war, the board of the collective farm “October 14th” ^[12] , then the board of the collective farm “Testament of Ilyich” was in the village.

The territory of the village of Gremyachevo belongs to the zone of residence with a preferential socio-economic status due to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant ^[13] . In accordance with article 27 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On the social protection of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster”, monthly compensation is provided for villagers registered in it. Locals call these payments "coffin".

Name Origin

The name comes from the name of the Gremyachaya River (Gremyachka). In a study by G.P. Smolitskaya on the hydronymics of the Oka basin, "p. R. Gremyachka (l. In. Kolodez, in. Kolodez, about. Chernaya) ”is shown as the right tributary of the Kamenets (Kamenka) river ^[14] . On a modern map of the General Staff, not far from the neighboring (from the north-west) Gremyachev village of Gnilusha, two beams with streams are indicated: at a height of 201 a beam of Gnilishchenskaya, at a height of 238 - Gremyachinskaya.

Infrastructure

The village consists of 5 streets (house orders). Their unofficial names are Puriha (upper order), Khutorka, Stakanovka, Shchemilovka, as well as Molodezhnaya street (colloquially “New” or “village”; the order of brick new buildings in which in the late 1980s, as a result of the enlargement of villages, the inhabitants of neighboring settlements (Solovy, Sobakino, Krasnaya Polyana, Kamenka, etc.) and Tsentralnaya Street, on which all the administrative buildings are located: the Medvedevskaya rural administration, the Gremyachevskaya rural library of the Medvedevsky rural settlement, now inactive Gremyachevs, moved in th Secondary School (the new building was built in 1985, the school can accommodate about 300 students), the board of the Agricultural Production Cooperative "Precepts of Ilyich" (former collective farm "Precepts of Ilyich"), a shop, a post office connection. Until 1941, the village of Polynensky was located on the left outskirts of Gremyachevo (the name may have come from the surname "Polynnikovs"). Before World War II, residents left the village. In administrative divisions he is not listed.

Monuments of history

On the southeastern outskirts of the village in the tract Great Hollow is a cemetery. One of the graves in this cemetery is a local history monument - “The grave of girls from the working battalion” (1943). This is the grave of M.I. Zhemanova and S.D. Parshutina, two girls who were shot by Germans in 1943 and secretly buried by their villagers. The inscription on the grave: "They were 15 years old, they so wanted to live, / They wanted their homeland, and not serve the enemies." A story about this episode of the local resident Vera Artyomovna Pokhlebaeva was recorded (born in 1925, from 1942 to 1944 she was in the working battalion, returned home to Gremyachevo in 1944 and worked on the collective farm): “Two girls and a man from our battalion left for village to see relatives. The Germans found out about this, caught them and forced to dig a grave for themselves, put to the edge and shot. They drove us to look at this execution, so that they knew that this would happen to everyone. ” ^[fifteen]

In the center of the village is the mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died in battles with fascist invaders ^[16] . The grave of the soldiers who died for the liberation of the village and died fellow villagers, was arranged in 1943 in the garden of an old school. In 1958, a mass grave was reburied from mass graves of the settlements of Glebovo, Volodarskoye, Krasnaya Polyana, Shusherovo. Then a sculptural composition was installed: on a high pedestal a warrior with a machine gun and memorial plates with the names of the dead; a memorial plaque with the names of fellow villagers who died in 1941-1945 was installed nearby. The names of 104 buried are known. The construction was funded by the state. The monument is looked after by students of a rural school.

• Map of the Red Army. 1941. Oryol, Lipetsk and Tula regions.