Chen Yun

Born in a working class family. Member of the Chinese Communist Party since 1925. In 1927, participated in the uprising of Shanghai workers. In 1934-1936 participated in the campaign of the Red Army of China from the south-eastern regions to the north-west of the country. In 1935-1937 was in the USSR, studied for a year at the International Leninist School .

• 1937-1944 - Head of the organizational department of the CPC Central Committee,
• 1945-1949 - Deputy Secretary of the North-Eastern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee,
• 1948-1953 - Chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions,
• 1949-1954 - Deputy Prime Minister of the State Administrative Council of the PRC, Chairman of the Central Financial and Economic Commission,
• 1950-1956 - Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.

In 1954-1975 He held the post of Deputy Prime Minister of the State Council of the PRC, in 1959-1965. - Chairman of the State Committee for Capital Construction.

In 1956, at the 1st plenum of the Central Committee of the CPC of the 8th convocation, he was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPC and Deputy Chairman of the Central Committee.

In 1966, at the XI plenum of the CPC Central Committee, he was removed from the post of deputy chairman of the CPC Central Committee. During the cultural revolution, he was criticized and discredited as an adversary of the party line. In 1969, at the IX Congress of the CPC and in 1973, at the X Congress of the CPC, he was re-elected a member of the CPC Central Committee, but was not a member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee. As an inactive member of the party leadership, he was sent to manage a factory in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, where he worked for three years.

Since 1975 - Deputy Chairman of the Standing Committee of the All-China Assembly of People's Representatives.

At a CPC conference in November 1978, he formulated “six questions” aimed at criticizing Hua Guofeng ’s repressive Maoist policy and left-wing policy, which contributed to a change in the balance of power in the party in favor of reformist forces.

In 1978, at the 3rd plenary session of the Central Committee of the CPC of the 11th convocation, he was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPC, Deputy Chairman of the Central Committee and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC for Discipline Inspection . In 1979-1980, he simultaneously held the post of Deputy Prime Minister of the State Council of the PRC.

In 1987, at the XIII Congress of the CPC, he was elected a member of the Central Commission of Advisers, and following this at the 1st plenary meeting of the Central Commission of Advisers, he was chairman of the CCS.

Member of the CPC Central Committee of 6-12 convocations (1931-1987) and member of the Politburo (1934-1969 and 1978-1987).

He was the leading economist of the PRC , who participated in the development of the results of the "Great Leap Forward" and the "Cultural Revolution . " In the last years of Mao Zedong’s life , he was removed from senior posts. By this time, Chen Yun came to the conclusion that excessive centralization along the lines of the Soviet Union is detrimental to economic development. He proposed to ensure wider use of market mechanisms, based on the ratio of supply and demand, rather than a simple government order in determining the distribution of resources. He argued that decisions regarding prices and production should be transferred to the enterprise level and based on their business logic. At the same time, he advocated providing the central ministries with greater control functions in order to guarantee the planned operation of the country's enterprises. Seeing the consequences of the mobilization events of the Great Leap Forward , the politician published an article calling for increased Soviet assistance, he also argued that economic growth is not just a matter of speed; attention needs to be paid to ensuring safe working conditions and the quality of technology. According to him, much depends on technologies and the quality of their application, and not only on the level of political consciousness. Chen was accused of opportunism for this speech in print, and his materials were no longer published.

After his death, Mao became an ally of Deng Xiaoping in his plans for transforming the country.

Since about 1982, disagreements have begun between the two politicians regarding the nature and extent of the reforms needed. Chen Yun, who was the most influential representative of conservatives in the country's leadership, put forward the idea of ​​a “bird cage”, saying that it helps the bird not fly away wherever it wants, that is, he urged to take advantage of the market economy, but keep the situation under strict control of the government . While Deng Xiaoping looked at the development of the economy as the only criterion for politics, Chen emphasized the need for its connection with the development of "socialist spiritual civilization", opposing westernization and lowering the moral principles of society. Despite this, in 1989 he questioned the need for military suppression of student unrest in Tiananmen Square (1989).

His name is indicated among the prominent Chinese "proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation and heroes who fell in the name of revolution": for example, at the opening ceremony of the XIX Congress of the CCP (2017), its participants "paid a deep silence to the memory of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaotsi, Zhu De , Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yun and others who died ” ^[1] .

• Deng Xiaoping . Favorites. - T. 3. - Beijing, 1994 .-- S. 501.