Martin Villem Bierink ( niderl. Martinus Willem Beijerinck ; 1851–1931) - Dutch microbiologist and botanist , foreign member-correspondent of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1924), foreign honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929) [1] .
| Martin Willem Beierink | |
|---|---|
| the nether Martinus willem beijerinck | |
 Martin Beierke, 1890s . | |
| Date of Birth | March 16, 1851 |
| Place of Birth | Amsterdam , Netherlands |
| Date of death | January 1, 1931 (79 years) |
| Place of death | der. Gorsell , The Netherlands |
| A country | Netherlands |
| Scientific field | microbiology , botany , virology |
| Place of work | University of Wageningen Delft University of Technology |
| Alma mater | Leiden University |
| Famous students | |
| Known as | one of the pioneers of viruses |
| Awards and prizes | Leeuwenhoek Medal ( 1905 ) [d] |
Short biography
He studied at the University of Leiden , worked as a teacher of microbiology at the agricultural school in Wageningen (now Wageningen University ) and later at the Polytechnic High School in Delft (now Delft Technical University ), the founder of the Delft School of Microbiologists.
| Systematic wildlife | |
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The author of the names of a number of botanical taxa . In the botanical ( binary ) nomenclature, these names are complemented by the abbreviation “ Beij. " . Personal page on IPNI website The author of the names of a number of microbiological taxa . According to the bacterial nomenclature code, these names are supplemented by the designation “ Beijerinck ” . |
The pioneer of symbiotic nitrogen fixers (1888), free-living aerobic nitrogen fixers of the genus Azotobacter (1901), sulphate - reducing bacteria Spirillum desulfuricans and sulphate reduction , developed a method of cumulative crops , studied the soil microbiology and the connection of microorganisms to the yielding patterns, and worked on the microorganisms and the microorganisms , and developed the method of cumulative crops ; Vinogradsky ) environmental microbiology.
Along with the Russian scientist Dmitry Ivanovsky, Beyerink is considered one of the founders of virology [2] [3] . Regardless of Ivanovsky, in 1898, Beyerink repeated his experiments on filtering extracts from tobacco plants that were affected by tobacco mosaic disease. At that time, viruses were unknown and in his work Beyerink followed in the footsteps of his colleague Adolf Meier in Wageningen, who published the first publication on tobacco mosaic [4] a decade earlier and made the wrong conclusion about the bacterial nature of the pathogen. Like Ivanovsky [5] , Beyerke showed [6] that filtering does not help keep the causative agent of tobacco mosaic disease on Chamberlain’s ceramic filters, which had the smallest pores at that time and were considered the standard for ultrafiltration of liquids from bacterial organisms. Beyerke also showed [6] that the pathogen is able to reproduce and spread in host cells, but cannot be cultured in a nutrient medium like bacteria. Unlike Ivanovsky, who continued to consider [7] , to designate the special, non-bacterial nature of the pathogen (the unfilled sentence).
Beyerke, however, adhered to the hypothesis that the virus is some kind of liquid matter, calling the viral solution Сontagium vivum fluidum [6] an infectious living fluid. This concept of viruses, not as particles, but soluble matter, however, was refuted shortly after Beyerink’s death. In 1935, the tobacco mosaic virus became the first virus that was crystallized by Wendell Stanley , which allowed the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus to be determined by X-ray analysis in the 1940s .
Memory
In 1970, the International Astronomical Union assigned the name Martin Beyerink to the crater on the far side of the moon . Since 1966, the Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Netherlands has been awarded the .
Notes
- ↑ Martin Willem Beierink on the RAS website
- ↑ Zaitlin, Milton. The Discovery of the Causal Agent of the Mosaic Disease (Eng.) // Discoveries in Plant Biology / Ed. Kung, SD; Yang, SF. - Hong Kong: World Publishing Co., 1998. - Vol. 1 . - P. 105–-110 . - ISBN 978-9810213138 . Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ Martinus Beijerinck (Eng.) // World of Microbiology and Immunology / Ed. Lerner, KL; Lerner, BW. - Thomas Gage Publishing, 2002. - ISBN 0787665401 .
- ↑ Mayer, Adolf. Über die Mosaikkrankheit des Tabaks (him.) // Die Landwirtschaftliche Versuchs-stationen. - 1886. - Bd. 32 . - S. 451-467 .
- ↑ Iwanowski, D. Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze // Bulletin Scientifique publié par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg / Nouvelle Serie III. - St. Petersburg, 1892. - T. 35 . - p . 67-70 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Beijerinck, MW Über ein Contagium vivum fluidum als Ursache der Fleckenkrankheit der Tabaksblätter (German) // Verhandelingen der Koninklyke akademie van Wettenschappen te Amsterdam. - 1898. - Bd. 65 . - S. 1-22 . Translated into English. lang in Phytopathological classics. Ed. Johnson, J. - St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society, 1942. - Vol. 7. - p. 33–-52.
- ↑ Iwanowski, D. Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze (German) // Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkranheiten und Pflanzenschutz. - 1903. - Bd. 13 - S. 1—41 .