After the reforms of local self-government in 1989, the term "city" (translated from English as "city" ) in New Zealand received two meanings. Until 1989, any city council ( English borough council ), whose population was over 20 thousand people, could be called "city" . The boundaries of the councils for the most part corresponded to the boundaries of settlements, so the difference between urban areas ( English urban area ) and local government areas ( English local government area ) was minimal.
In 1989, the structure of local government was significantly improved. New districts and city councils ( Eng. City council ) have become larger in area and are now located not only on urban but also rural lands. Many of the localities where city councils previously existed became governed by district councils.
The word “city” has since been used to describe the main urban areas that are independent of the boundaries of local governments.
Content
Urban Areas
The New Zealand Bureau of Statistics uses the term “urban areas” for statistical purposes. Urban areas include large cities ( English cities ), small towns ( English towns ), and other conurbations , with a population of more than 1000 people. The urban areas of New Zealand form the urban population. According to the 2001 census, up to 86% of the country's population lived in cities.
Three classes of urban areas are distinguished:
- The main urban areas ( English main urban areas ), the population of which is more than 30 thousand people. There are 16 of them, and New Zealanders simply call them "city".
- Secondary urban areas ( Eng. Secondary urban areas ), whose population is from 10 to 30 thousand people. In total there are 14 such territories.
- Minor urban areas ( English Minor urban areas ), whose population is from 1 to 10 thousand people.
Major urban areas
| Title | Area, km² | PN 1996 | Mon 2001 | Mon 2006 | Mon 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wellington | 444 | 334 065 | 339 747 | 360 624 | 418,500 |
| Hamilton | 1099 | 158 046 | 166 128 | 184 905 | 241,200 |
| Gisborne | 85 | 32 610 | 31 719 | 32 529 | 37,200 |
| Dunedin | 255 | 110 793 | 107 088 | 111 000 | 122,000 |
| Invercargill | 123 | 49 404 | 46 305 | 46 773 | 51,200 |
| Capiti | 60 | 30 291 | 33 666 | 37 347 | 42,700 |
| Christchurch | 608 | 325 251 | 334 107 | 360 765 | 404,500 |
| Napier - Hastings | 375 | 112 791 | 113 676 | 118 404 | 134,500 |
| Nelson | 146 | 50 691 | 53 688 | 56 367 | 67,500 |
| New plymouth | 109 | 48 879 | 47 763 | 49 281 | 58 300 |
| Auckland | 1085 | 991 836 | 1,074 507 | 208 094 | 1,628,900 |
| Palmerston north | 178 | 73 860 | 72 681 | 76 029 | 86 600 |
| Rotorua | 89 | 52 959 | 52 605 | 53 766 | 59,500 |
| Tauranga | 178 | 82 095 | 95 694 | 108 882 | 141,600 |
| Wanganui | 105 | 41 097 | 39 420 | 38 988 | 40 900 |
| Fangarei | 133 | 45 876 | 46 047 | 49 080 | 58 800 |
Source: Statistics of New Zealand. Demographic Trends 2006. Page 125 (inaccessible link)
Urban Zones
The urban areas of Auckland , Hamilton , Napier - Hastings , Wellington for statistical purposes are divided into urban zones ( English Urban Zone ).
| Title | Mountains territory | Area, km² | PN 1996 | Mon 2001 | Mon 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper Hutt | Wellington | 52 | 35 181 | 34 527 | 36 399 |
| Wellington | Wellington | 118 | 157 059 | 162 981 | 178 680 |
| Lower hutt | Wellington | 135 | 95 379 | 95 022 | 97 149 |
| Porirua | Wellington | 139 | 46 443 | 47 217 | 48 396 |
| Hamilton | Hamilton | 877 | 131 331 | 138 792 | 155 259 |
| Cambridge | Hamilton | 83 | 13 002 | 13 890 | 15 192 |
| Te avamutu | Hamilton | 140 | 13 710 | 13 446 | 14 454 |
| Napier | Napier - Hastings | 140 | 54 291 | 54 534 | 56 286 |
| Hastings | Napier - Hastings | 235 | 58 500 | 59 142 | 62 118 |
| West auckland | Auckland | 264 | 159 768 | 173 643 | 192 339 |
| North auckland | Auckland | 274 | 202 305 | 219 936 | 248 112 |
| Central auckland | Auckland | 155 | 338 160 | 359 469 | 395 982 |
| South auckland | Auckland | 392 | 291 600 | 321 465 | 371 661 |
Source: Statistics of New Zealand. Demographic Trends 2006. Page 125 (inaccessible link)
Minor Urban Areas
| Title | Area, km² | PN 1996 | Mon 2001 | Mon 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashburton | 76 | 15 786 | 15 774 | 16 836 |
| Blenheim | 92 | 25 704 | 26 547 | 28 527 |
| Gore | 74 | 10 623 | 9927 | 9648 |
| Greymouth | 48 | 10 251 | 9528 | 9672 |
| Levin | 109 | 19 323 | 19 047 | 19 134 |
| 101 | 19 686 | 19 500 | 19 497 | |
| Oamaru | 53 | 13 416 | 12 696 | 12 681 |
| Pukekohe | 87 | 16 917 | 18 825 | 22 518 |
| Taupo | 85 | 19 173 | 20 307 | 21 291 |
| Timaru | 74 | 27 171 | 26 745 | 26 883 |
| Tokoroa | 43 | 15 528 | 14 430 | 13 527 |
| Whakatane | 77 | 17 496 | 17 778 | 18 207 |
| Fielding | 46 | 14 043 | 13 641 | 13 887 |
| Haver | 115 | 11 439 | 10 944 | 10 776 |
Source: Statistics of New Zealand. Demographic Trends 2006. Page 125 (inaccessible link)
City councils
As a result of the local government reform in 1989, many cities ( English cities ) were reorganized into districts ( English districts ). Some settlements received city status several times in their history, for example Christchurch in 1862 and 1868, Invercargill in 1930 and 1991.
According to Section 27 of the Local Government Act of 2002, territorial authorities wishing to become a city council or a district council may apply to the Local Government Commission instead of making a reorganization proposal ( English Local Government Commission ). The Commission then sends this appeal to the Minister to prepare a decree in the Council ( English Order in Council ) if it considers that it should be approved, and if the territorial authorities wishing to be called the city council meet the criteria of paragraph 7 of Appendix 3 of the Local Government Act of 2002 years . The Governor-General of New Zealand, on the basis of a decree in the council on the recommendation of the Minister, may give legal appeal [1] . In any case, the new city must meet certain criteria: its population should be at least 50 thousand people; the population should primarily be urban; the city should be a clear formation and the main center of activity within the region [2] . The only city council formed after the adoption of the Law on Local Self-Government of 2002 was the Tauranga Council (status since March 1, 2004 ).
Previously, according to section 37L of the Local Government Act of 1974, a new city could appear only as a result of a reorganization plan, and the same criteria were used [3] . The last town to receive city status was Invercargill ( 1991 ).
| City Council | Population (2006) | Status with | A place |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper Hutt | 38 415 | 1966 | sixteen |
| Wellington | 179 466 | 1870 | 6 |
| Hamilton | 129 249 | 1936 | 7 |
| Dunedin | 118 683 | 1865 | eight |
| Invercargill | 50 328 | 1991 | 13 |
| Christchurch | 348 435 | 1868 | 2 |
| Lower hutt | 97 701 | 1941 | ten |
| Manukau | 328 968 | 1965 | 3 |
| Napier | 55 359 | 1950 | 12 |
| Nelson | 42 891 | 1874 | 15 |
| North shore | 205 608 | 1989 | four |
| Auckland | 404 658 | 1871 | one |
| Palmerston north | 75 543 | 1930 | eleven |
| Porirua | 48 546 | 1965 | 14 |
| Tauranga | 103 635 | 1963 | 9 |
| Whitaker | 186 444 | 1989 | five |
Source: Statistics of New Zealand. Regional Summary Tables 2006.
Provincial Cities (1852–1876)
During the provincial period in the history of New Zealand, the islands did not have a single system of local government. Therefore, there is disagreement over which of the following settlements became New Zealand's first city:
- Nelson (status obtained in 1858 , deed of honor)
- Christchurch (status from November 1862 , lost in June 1868 , provincial decrees; restored in October 1868 by an act of parliament)
- Otago (later Dunedin , July 1865 )
The Law on Municipalities of 1876 for the first time provided a list of cities indicating the date they received this status. According to him, the first city was Dunedin .
- Dunedin ( July 4, 1865 )
- Christchurch ( May 28, 1868 )
- Wellington ( September 16, 1870 )
- Auckland ( April 24, 1871 )
- Nelson ( March 30, 1874 )
Cities between 1877-1989
- North island
- Fangarei ( 1964 )
- Auckland
- Auckland ( 1871 )
- East coast base
- Takapuna
- Birkenhead
- Waitemata ( 1974 )
- Mount albert
- Papatoetoe
- Manukau ( 1965 )
- Papacura
- Tamaki
- Hamilton ( 1936 )
- New Plymouth ( 1949 )
- Tauranga ( 1963 )
- Rotorua ( 1962 , merged with Rotorua County in 1979 )
- Gisborne ( 1955 )
- Napier ( 1950 )
- Hastings ( 1956 )
- Wanganui ( 1924 )
- Palmerston North ( 1930 )
- Wellington
- Wellington ( 1870 )
- Upper Hutt ( 1966 )
- Lower Hutt ( 1941 )
- Porirua ( 1965 )
- South island
- New Zealand ( 1874 )
- Christchurch ( 1868 )
- Timaru ( 1948 )
- Dunedin ( 1865 )
- Invercargill ( 1930 )
Notes
- ↑ Local Government Act 2002. Application to be called city council or district council. (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Local Government Act 2002. THIRD: Reorganization of local authorities. (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Local Government Act 1974 (Reprint as at 1 August 2006). (inaccessible link)