Trofimova, Tatyana Alexandrovna

She was born on January 17, 1905 in Moscow , in a family of teachers. In 1914-1919 she attended a private gymnasium, later a unified labor school in Moscow. In 1919-1923, in the orphanage - the second-grade school, Iskra No. 3 at the Novo-Jerusalem station in Moscow Region, where she met her future husband S. P. Tolstov (1907-1976), the founder of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences . In 1923-1930, T. A. Trofimova studied at the 1st Moscow State University (at the biological department, at the Department of Anthropology) ^[3] .

Start of scientific activity, field work and expeditions

In the years 1931-1934 she studied at graduate school at the State Institute of Anthropology, Moscow University, specializing in " race studies".

In the years 1925-1940 T. A. Trofimova participated in a number of expeditions (given according to an autobiography of 1947, Personal file: f. 10-11) ^[4] :

• in the summer of 1925 - excavation of the mounds of the Lyalovskaya Neolithic site, Pozdnyakovskaya site and a parking near the village. Kozina (leader B. S. Zhukov);
• in the summer of 1930 - an expedition of O. N. Bader to examine archaeological sites of the upper Volga;
• in the autumn of 1934 - excavation of the burial ground of the XV — XVI centuries. near the village of Nikolsky expedition GAIMK in the areas of Moscow-Volgostroi;
• in the summer of 1925 - an anthropological survey of workers of the Tula arms factories, conducted by V.V. Bunak, a researcher in anthropology in a comprehensive expedition to study the Powell;
• in 1926 - the continuation of the expedition in the areas of Sharyinsky, Gorodetsky, Semenovsky of the Nizhny Novgorod province, an anthropological survey of workers of glass factories, conducted by V.V. Bunak;
• in 1929, the head of the anthropological detachment of the expedition to study Mordovia-Moksha and Tatar-Mishars in the Penza province;
• in 1931, the head of the anthropological detachment for the study of Russians in the Central Black Earth Region and the Middle Volga Region;
• in 1932 - researcher of the anthropological detachment for the study of the Tatars of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Karagash (Astrakhan Tatars) and Kazakhs of the Lower Volga region and a number of ethnic groups of the North Caucasus: Kumyks, Avars, Chechens and Ingush;
• in 1933 - an anthropological expedition in the Kalmyk ASSR;
• in 1935, the head of the anthropological detachment for the study of the Kasimov Tatars in the Ryazan region;
• in 1936 - an anthropological expedition to study the Chuvash in the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic;
• in 1937 - an expedition of the Anthropological Institute for the Study of Siberian Tatars in the Omsk Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory;
• in 1939, the head of the detachment of the anthropological expedition of the Museum of Anthropology to the Northern Urals for the study of Mansi and Russians;
• in 1940 - an expedition of the Institute of Anthropology to study the Russian population of the Sverdlovsk and Molotov regions.

The materials of the expeditions became the factual basis for creating a methodology in the field of race studies and human morphology. Anthropologists and representatives of related disciplines use them to date. According to the results, dozens of scientific papers were published. In 1939, T. A. Trofimova defended her thesis on the subject of the anthropological composition of the Tatars of the Volga region (supervisor - prof. V.V. Bunak ), received a degree of candidate of biological sciences ^[3] .

In 1941, T. A. Trofimova and her family were evacuated to Tatarstan , where she taught at a rural school.

At the Institute of Ethnography, USSR Academy of Sciences

In August 1943, she returned to Moscow and began work in the Moscow part of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences created in December 1942 by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The director of the Institute was her husband S.P. Tolstov. The head of the department of anthropology was VV Bunak. For almost 36 years, T. A. Trofimova worked at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (June 1943 - April 1979). The main direction is the study of the processes of ethnogenesis of Slavic and other nationalities according to anthropological data, the study of paleoanthropological materials from the territory of ancient Khorezm and adjacent areas in connection with the problem of ethnogenesis of the peoples of Central Asia ^[5] .

In 1950-1960, T. A. Trofimova participated in international congresses and scientific meetings. In 1956, she presented a report in Paris , in 1959 in Budapest at the Hungarian anthropologists conference, in 1960 at the VI Moscow International Academic Economic University of Economics and Economics in Paris, in 1961 and 1965 at the V and VIII congresses of Czechoslovak anthropologists, in 1961 she attended the archaeological conference in Delhi dedicated to the 100th anniversary archaeological service in india. In 1963, T. A. Trofimova defended her doctoral dissertation at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, on the topic: “The Ancient Population of Khorezm and Adjacent Areas According to Paleoanthropology.” The defense of the dissertation was based on the totality of published works. In May 1964 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences ^[5] .

In 1963-1964 - and. about. Head of the Department of Anthropology, IE USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1964-1968 - senior scientist, in 1969-1976 - head of the Department of Anthropology. May 1976 - transferred to senior scientific consultant, on April 2, 1979 she went on a well-deserved rest. Tatyana Alekseevna died on April 5, 1986 at her home in Moscow ^[5] .

The bibliography was compiled by G. A. Aksyanova based on the conference materials for the 105th anniversary of T. A. Trofimova ^[1] .

• 1. To the Ainu problem // Anthrop. journal 1932. No. 2. P. 89-104.
• 2. The craniological essay of the Tatars of the Golden Horde // Anthrop. journal 1936. No. 2. P. 166—192.
• 3. Kalmyks. Craniological essay // Anthrop. journal 1937. No. 1. P. 73-81 (co-authored: M. G. Levin, T. A. Trofimova).
• 4. West Siberian expedition 1937 // Brief communication. about scientific the works of the Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology at Moscow State University for 1938-39. M., 1941. S. 26, 35 (co-authored: G.F. Debets, T.A. Trofimova).
• 5. Severouralsk expedition of the Museum of Anthropology // Brief communication. about scientific the works of the Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology at Moscow State University for 1938-39. M., 1941. S. 67-68 (co-authored: T. A. Trofimova, N. N. Cheboksarov).
• 6. Anthropological study of Mansi // Brief communication. about reports and field researches. Institute of the Material Culture History of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Vol. IX. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1941. S. 28-36 (co-authored: N. N. Cheboksarov, T. A. Trofimova).
• 7. Anthropological type of population of Ananin culture in the Urals // Brief reports. Institute of the History of Material Culture. Vol. IX. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1941.S. 42-47.
• 8. Skulls from the Lugovsky burial ground of Ananyin culture // Uchenye zapiski MSU. M .: Moscow State University, 1941. Issue. 63. Anthropology. S. 175-195.
• 9. Skulls from the Nikolsky cemetery (on the issue of type variability in time) // Uchenye zapiski MSU. M .: Moscow State University, 1941. Issue. 63. Anthropology. S. 197—235.
• 10. Krivichi, Vyatichi and Slavic tribes of the Dnieper according to anthropology // Sov. ethnography. 1946. No. 1. S. 91-136.
• 11. Ethnogenesis of the Tatars of the Middle Volga in the light of anthropological data // Sov. ethnography. 1946. No. 3. P. 51-74.
• 12. Tobolsk and Baraba Tatars // Proceedings of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences. New ser. M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1947. T. I. S. 194-215.
• 13. Craniological data on the ethnogenesis of the Western Slavs // Sov. ethnography. 1948. No. 2. P. 39-61.
• 14. Ethnogenesis of the Volga Tatars in the light of anthropological data. M .; L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1949. (Proceedings of the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. New ser. T. VII).
• 15. On the issue of anthropological relations in the era of Fatyanovo culture // Sov. ethnography. 1949. No. 3. P. 37-73. 202 Ethnographic Review Online No. 5, 2012
• 16. Anthropological data on the origin of the Chuvash // Sov. ethnography. 1950. No. 3. P. 54-65.
• 17. The problem of the settlement of Europe according to anthropological data // Proceedings of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences. New ser. T. 16. M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1951. P. 409-468 (in co-authors: G.F.Debets, T.A. Trofimova, N.N. Cheboksarov).
• 18. Anthropological composition of the oldest population of Prikamye and Ural // Mater. and researched. on archeology of the USSR. No. 22 / Ed. V.N. Chernetsova. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1951. S. 97-109.
• 19. Anthropological materials from the Alan cemetery near Sterlitamak in Bashkiria // Brief communication. Institute of Ethnography, USSR Academy of Sciences. Vol. 17. M: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952. S. 56-65.
• 20. Skulls from the Gulkinsky burial ground of Ananyin culture // Mater. and researched. on archeology of the USSR. No. 42. M: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954. S. 500-505.
• 21. Anthropological composition of the population of the city of Bulgaria in the X-XV centuries // Anthropological. compilation. T. I. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1956.P. 73-145. (Proceedings of the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. New. Ser. T. 33).
• 22. Paleoanthropological materials from the territory of ancient Khorezm // Sov. ethnography. 1957. No. 3. P. 10-32. 23. Craniological materials from the ancient fortresses of Kalala-Gyr 1 and 2 // Transactions of the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition. T. II. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1958. S. 543-630.
• 24. Materials on the paleoanthropology of Khorezm and adjacent areas // Proceedings of the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic. expedition T. 2. M .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1958. S. 639-701.
• 25. The ancient population of Khorezm according to paleoanthropology. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959. (Mater. Khorezm Archeological and Ethnographic Expedition. Issue 2).
• 26. Skulls of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age from southern Turkmenistan // Sov. ethnography. 1959. No. 1. P. 12-28 (in co-authors: V.V. Ginzburg, T. A. Trofimova).
• 27. Skulls from the ossuary burial near Bayram-Ali (South Turkmenistan) // Transactions of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan. SSR. Vol. 5. Ashgabat, 1959. S. 205-217.
• 28. The main results and objectives of the paleoanthropological study of Central Asia // Sov. ethnography. 1960. No. 2. P. 110—122.
• 29. Skulls from the burial ground of the Tazabagyab culture of Kokcha 3 // Bronze Age burial ground of Kokcha 3. M .: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1961. S. 97-146. (Mat. Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition. Issue 5).
• 30. Anthropological composition of the population of southern Turkmenistan during the Eneolithic and Bronze ages (based on the excavations of Kara-Depe and Geoksur) // Transactions of the South Turkmen archaeological. set exp T. X. Ashkhabad, 1961. S. 478-528 (in co-authors: T. A. Trofimova, V.V. Ginzburg).
• 31. Racial types of the population of Central Asia in the era of Eneolithic and Bronze // Brief communication. Institute of Ethnography. Vol. 36. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1962. S. 83-94.
• 32. The ancient population of Khorezm and adjacent areas according to paleoanthropology. Report on published works submitted for the degree of doctor ist. sciences. M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1962. 33. Aral Sea Saki: Craniological essay // Field research. Khorezm exp. for 1958-1961 General report. Monuments of the primitive and ancient times. M.: Nauka, 1963.S. 221-247. (Mater. Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition. Issue 6).
• 34. The population of southern Turkmenistan and its Near-Asian and South-Indian relations in the primitive era according to paleoanthropology. M.: Nauka, 1964. (VII ICEA. Moscow, August 1964 / Reports). (Also in the book: Proceedings of the 7th ICAEN. Moscow, 1964. M .: Nauka, 1968. T. 3. S. 172-179 [in English]).
• 35. To the question of the anthropological type of population of southern and eastern Uzbekistan in the Bronze Age // Problems of Ethnic Anthropology of Central Asia. Tashkent, 1964. S. 104-117. (Scientific works of Tashkent State University. New. Ser. Issue 235. Historical sciences. Book 49).
• 36. The population of Central Asia during the Eneolithic and Bronze Age and its connection with India (according to craniology) // Modern anthropology. M., 1964. S. 289-300.
• 37. Early Saki of the Aral Sea region according to paleoanthropology // Anthropos. Brno. 1967. C. 19 (NS 11). S. 234-252.
• 38. Once again about turtles from the Lugovsky burial ground of the Ananyin culture (in connection with the question of the low-face Mongoloid type in Siberia) // Problems of Anthropology and Historic. Ethnography of Asia. M .: Nauka, 1968.S. 51-91.
• 39. Images of Ephthalitic rulers on coins and the custom of artificial deformation of the skull among the population of Central Asia in antiquity // History, Archeology and Ethnography of Central Asia. M .: Nauka, 1968.S. 179-188. G. A. Aksyanova et al. Life and work of anthropologist T. A. Trofimova 203
• 40. Paleoanthropology of Central Asia. M .: Nauka, 1972. (co-authored: V.V. Ginzburg, T.A. Trofimova).
• 41. Skulls from the bottom and catacomb graves of the Tuz-Gyr burial ground (South-Western Aral Sea region) // Rasogenetic processes in ethnic history. M .: Nauka, 1974.P. 154-178.
• 42. The craniology of the nomads of the ancient period from the territory of Western Turkmenistan // Problems of ethnic anthropology and human morphology. L .: Nauka, 1974.P. 44-68.
• 43. Craniological materials from the burial site Tumek-Kichidzhik // Sov. ethnography. 1974. No. 5. P. 139-149. 44. Skulls from the crypt of a burial mound near the settlement of Dzhety-Asar 2 // Sov. ethnography. 1977. No. 2. P. 97-107.
• 45. The population of South Turkmenistan during the Neolithic, Eneolithic and Bronze Age according to paleoanthropology // Problems of ethnogenesis of the Turkmen people. Ashgabat, 1977.S. 31-47.
• 46. ​​Neolithic skulls of the Kelteminar culture from the Tumek-Kichidjik burial ground in Northern Turkmenistan // Ethnography and Anthropology of Central Asia. M .: Nauka, 1979.P. 10-15.
• 47. Skulls from the burial places of kuyusai culture in the burial grounds of Tumek-Kichijik and Tarym-Kaya // Nomads on the borders of Khorezm. M .: Nauka, 1979.P. 77-93. (Proceedings of the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition. T. XI).
• 48. Skulls of children of the Upper Paleolithic from Sungir // Sungir: Anthropol. study. M.: Nauka, 1984. Pp. 144-155. Methodological work
• 49. Races and the racial problem in the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin // Anthrop. journal 1933. No. 1-2. S. 9-33 (in co-authors: T. A. Trofimova, N. N. Cheboksarov).
• 50. Anthropological material as a source for studying ethnogenesis // Sov. ethnography. 1952. No. 1. P. 22-35 (co-authored: G.F. Debets, M.G. Levin, T.A. Trofimova).
• 51. Some comments on the methods of racial analysis in the works of Y. V. Chekanovsky and his school // Sov. ethnography. 1962. No. 4. P. 122-137 (co-authored: V.P. Alekseev, T.A. Trofimova, N.N. Cheboksarov).
• 52. Some data on the state of anthropology in the Polish People's Republic // Sov. ethnography. 1963. No. 6. P. 118-123 (co-authored: T. A. Trofimova, V. V. Ginzburg, N. N. Cheboksarov).
• 53. Speech at the symposium “Racification factors, methods of racial analysis, principles of racial classifications” // Vopr. anthropology. 1965. Issue. 20. S. 17-19. (Also in the book: Proceedings of the 7th ICAEN. Moscow 1964. M .: Nauka, 1968. V. 3. P. 567-570).
• 54. Meeting of the standing committee of international congresses of anthropological and ethnological sciences // Vopr. anthropology. 1962. Issue 12. P. 140-142 (in co-authors: T. A. Trofimova, V. P. Yakimov).

• medal "For Labor Valor" (1945),
• medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War" (1945),
• medal “In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow” (1947),
• medal "For Labor Valor" (1953).
• the Veteran of Labor medal was awarded by order of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences “For long-term conscientious work in the field of science” (April 1977)

Husband - Sergei Pavlovich Tolstov ( 1907 - 1976 ) - Soviet historian , ethnographer , archaeologist , researcher of the history of the peoples of Central Asia ; history, ethnogenesis, culture of the Karakalpak people, the discoverer of ancient Khorezm civilization. Director of the Institute of Ethnography , director of the Institute of Oriental Studies and scientific secretary of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences (at the same time), as well as head of the department of ethnography (1939-1951) and dean of the faculty of history of Moscow State University (1943-1945). Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1953), honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR ^[6] .

Daughter - Lada Sergeevna Tolstova (born 1927) - a specialist in ethnography of Karakalpaks at the Institute of Ethnography ^[7] .

• Khorezmians

• Aksyanova G.A., Yablonsky L.T. , Khojayov T.K. LIFE AND CREATIVITY OF ANTHROPOLOGIST T. A. TROFIMOVA (based on materials from the IEA RAS Scientific Council in honor of the 105th anniversary of Doctor of Historical Sciences Tatyana Alekseevna Trofimova) // Ethnographic Review On-line. - 2012. - No. 5.

• Trofimova T. A. Ethnogenesis of the Volga Tatars in the light of anthropological data (text)
• Page T. A. Trofimova site Russian anthropology