Zhilunovich, Dmitry Fedorovich

Born November 4, 1887 in the urban village of Kopyl (now Minsk region , Republic of Belarus ) in a peasant family. In 1905 he graduated from a two-year school in Kopyl. He worked in a leather workshop. He took part in the revolutionary actions of 1905-1907. In search of work, traveled to Belarus, Ukraine , Lithuania . In 1910 and 1911 he came to Kopyl and participated in the work of the local organization of the RSDLP , in the publication of manuscript magazines.

In May 1913, he began working at the Vulkan plant in St. Petersburg . The newspaper Pravda in 1912-1913 published a number of his poems and an essay on the work of tanners. He was a member of the working cultural and educational partnership "Knowledge". In 1914 he switched to work at the Ayvaz factory. He conducted propaganda and organizational work among the refugee Belarusians in Petrograd.

After the October Revolution - Secretary of the Belarusian National Commissariat ( Belnatskom ) under the Government of the RSFSR, member of the Belarusian section of the RCP (b), editor of the newspaper Dzyannitsa . He fought for the creation of the Republic of Belarus against Wilhelm Knorin and Alexander Myasnikov , who did not recognize the Belarusians as an independent nation, and found support from V.I. Lenin and I.V. Stalin . From the day the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus was established (January 1, 1919) until February 3, 1919, he was the head of the Provisional Workers and Peasants Government of Soviet Belarus. Since March 3, 1919 - editor and secretary of the newspaper Krasnaya Zarya ( Kharkov ), and since June, a political worker at the headquarters of the 14th Army. In 1920 - the chief editor of the newspaper " Rabotnitska-Syalyanskaya Belarus ".

He worked as the editor of the newspaper Savetskaya Belarus , the magazine Polymya , the director of the State Publishing House of the BSSR and the State Archive of the BSSR (1923), the head of the Main Art Department and the Deputy People's Commissar of Education of the BSSR. He was a member of Inbelkult (Institute of Belarusian Culture), and in 1928 he was elected an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. He worked at the Institute of History and headed the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. He was a member of the Central Executive Committee of the BSSR (1920-1931).

In 1927, with a group of Belarusian writers, he tried to organize an All-Belarusian Federation of Writers and Poets . The author of the first Belarusian novel, “Virgin Soil Juices”. He acted as a poet, playwright, critic. Author of articles on the works of A.S. Pushkin , A. Mitskevich , L.N. Tolstoy , V. Bryusov , A. Blok , Ukrainian poet V. Elan (Blakitny). For literary speeches Gartny is characterized by social vulgarism . He posed himself as a proletarian poet above Y. Kupala , Y. Kolas , M. Bogdanovich . He maintained friendly relations with Janis Rainis , Johannes Becher , Franz Weisskopf , Julius Fucik , Zdenek Needla , the Czech poet Josef Hora.

November 15, 1936 was arrested. While in prison, he was declared mentally ill, and therefore was transferred to the Mogilev psychiatric hospital, where he died on April 11, 1937. According to some reports - committed suicide.

On October 15, 1955, D.F. Zhilunovich was rehabilitated in public law relations, in 1988 a complete political rehabilitation took place.

• Songs ( 1913 )
• Praise Zhytsia ( 1918 )
• Songs of the Prades I Zmagannia ( 1922 )
• Sokі tsalіny ( 1922 )
• Crackling praise ( 1924 )
• Satsyalіstka ( 1924 )
• Urachystast ( 1925 )
• Sounds of Strength ( 1927 )
• Prysadas ( 1927 ) - short stories and plays
• Uzgorki i niziny ( 1928 ) - a collection of literary and critical notes
• At the New Month ( 1930 ) - a collection of short stories
• Gaspadar ( 1930 )
• Zyalyany noise ( 1931 )
• Goman zarnіts ( 1932 )
• Assault on the Horns ( 1932 ) - poems and short stories.

In the middle of the XX century, various editions of collected works were published.

In honor of Dmitry Fedorovich Zhilunovich two streets in Minsk are named - Zhilunovich street and Tishki Gartny street. This caused outrage among scientists from several Minsk universities and the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Argument - Tishka Gartny and Dmitry Zhilunovich - one and the same person: T. Gartny - creative writer pseudonym of D. Zhilunovich. The result was that in 2004, by the decision of the Minsk City Hall, T. Gartny Street was renamed Yelnitskaya Street. In the city of Kopyl - Zhilunovich Street, and in Grodno and Mogilev - Tishki Gartny Street.

• Belaruskіnі pіsmennіkі (1917-1990). Davednik. (belor.)
• Myasnіkoў, A.F. One hundred asob belarusian gіstoryі. - Minsk: “Literature and Art”, 2009. - 344 p. - ISBN 978-985-6720-61-4
• Assumptions of the great Ts_shku Gartnaga: collection / storage: G. D. Zhylunovich, S. Kh. Aleksandrovich. - Minsk: Mastatsky Literature, 1984. - 173 p.

• Article in the Literary Encyclopedia (inaccessible link) (inaccessible link from 06/14/2016 [1155 days])

• Dmitry Fedorovich Zhilunovich (Tishka Gartny) in the database “History of Belarusian Science in Faces” of the Central Scientific Library named after Y. Kolas NAS of Belarus
• Bibliographic index in the repository of the Central Scientific Library. Yakub Kolas NAS of Belarus