Chen Tuan ( Chinese trad. 陳 摶 , pinyin : Chén Tuán ), also Chen Xi ( Chinese trad. 陳 希夷 , pinyin : Chén Xīyí ), also Chen Bo (due to the fact that the hieroglyph Tuan (摶) is written his name, sometimes confused with the similar looking hieroglyph Bo / Po (搏)), ( 871 - 989 ) is a half-legendary Taoist saint. According to the comments of Zhu Yutun , the title of "Teacher Si" (希夷) was granted him by the emperor Tai-tsung ( 976 - 997 ) of the Song dynasty .
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The place of his birth in different sources indicates the most different. According to biographies, he lived in the Nine Halls Cave on Mount Udanshan , later moved to Mount Huashan and became known as Chen Tuan from Mount Huashan. The canonical books are referred to more often as Chen Sei or as Teacher Sei. He lived more than a hundred years.
Numerous martial arts schools and Taoist practices track their origins from Chen Tuan. Chen Tuan also influenced Neo-Confucianism , and the famous philosopher Zhu Xi .
Chen Tuan was going to take exams to get a position at the imperial court, but he failed, and instead of a secular career he chose the life of a hermit. However, in other biographies, he passed the exam and received a position at the court, but was disappointed and went to the mountains.
He possessed a great erudition, knew Confucian classical writings , history, and studied the theory of various theological schools. He was an expert in Buddhist philosophy , medicine, astronomy, geography; his poems were known everywhere. He is also famous for his knowledge and practice of Yi Ching .
As a hermit, Chen Tuan gained great fame; he was repeatedly invited by four emperors for advice and instruction, which rendered him all sorts of honors.
Content
Characteristics of the exercise
The name of Chen Tuan is associated with the idea of merging Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, human unity and natural processes, and an awareness of its role in nature.
Internal Alchemy
After Chen Tuan, there was a significant increase in interest in inner alchemy , which became the main focus of Taoist practices for attaining immortality. Interest in external alchemy (achieving immortality with the help of minerals and medicines) has now been lost.
Chen Tuan ordered and re-formulated the doctrine of the relationship between the natural energies of Jing , Qi, and Shen , which was widely accepted in Taoism and Confucianism. The old theories of the achievement of immortality were rethought, minerals and drugs were interpreted as symbols of certain processes in the body, arising from special practices.
Yiching
According to Chen Tuan, the I Ching categories reflected the general idea of world harmony between Heaven, Earth and Man, the correspondences between man and nature, and the celestial rhythms. This view was derived from the cosmogony of Jing Fang (the Han era) and the treatise of Tsantuntsi Wei Boyana . At the same time, a detailed correspondence was established between trigrams, hexagrams and the human body, internal organs, meridians, acupuncture points and internal processes. Compliance was expressed using numerous schemes. Chen Yi Tuan is referred to as Yi Ching's many interpretation systems — Tai Chi ( Great Limit ), Hetu , and Losh .
All constructions begin with the “Scheme of the Unlimited” ( whale. ), The Great Void, which seems like the Buddhist Shunyate , from the infinite comes the life-giving source of Tai Chi ( Great Limit ), the development of which leads to the emergence of all life.
Astrology
Internal processes in the human body are consistent with celestial rhythms. The teaching of Chen Tuan is also connected with astrology, many astrological systems are reduced to it.
Chen Tuan is considered to be the founder of the Ziwei astrological system ( Chinese ex. Р , pinyin : ziwei doushu , pall .: Zi wei dou shu ), one of the most common Chinese astrological systems.
Physiognomy
Known major treatise Chen Tuan on physiognomy, which was recognized in the Chinese tradition.
Neo-Confucianism and Chen Tuan
After Chen, in the Chinese tradition, understanding Yizin as a means of describing the processes occurring in the human body, and at the same time as a means of describing celestial rhythms. On these ideas, the famous philosopher and interpreter of I Ching , the author of the cosmogonic system Zhou Dunyi (周敦颐), built his constructions. Later, many Chinese scientists and philosophers, including Zhu Xi , became interested in the teaching of Chen Tuan. Under the influence of this teaching, neo-Confucianism was formed.
Qigong , Gunfu and Chen Tuan
Numerous Chinese practical schools directly or indirectly derive their teaching from Chen Tuan. So, it is believed that Chen Tuan invented the Confu system. Apprentice Chen Tuanyya Zhang Sanfeng is considered the founder of the Tai Chi Chuan system.
Works
The exact number of works of Chen Xi is not known, he is attributed to numerous works included in the Taoist canon . It also refers to numerous writings.
Selected Works of Chen Sei
- Translation of Chen Tuan's instructions into Russian (inaccessible link)
- Chen Tuan on Physiognomy LIVIA KOHN Boston University, Boston, MA 0221 5-7401 (not available link)
- ArticleShow.asp? ArticleID = 63 《心 相 篇》 About the heart (inaccessible link from 05/23/2013 [2261 days] - history , copy )
- ArticleShow.asp? ArticleID = 62》 龟 鉴》 Turtle mirror (inaccessible link from 05/23/2013 [2261 days] - history , copy )
- ArticleShow.asp? ArticleID = 69 《睡 诀 "法》 Poem about a dragon (inaccessible link from 23-05-2013 [2261 day] - history , copy )
- ArticleShow.asp? ArticleID = 60 《胎 息 诀》 The laws of prenatal breathing (verses) (inaccessible link from 23-05-2013 [2261 days] - history , copy )
- ArticleShow.asp? ArticleID = 59 《观 空 篇》 About Contemplation of the Void (inaccessible link from 05/23/2013 [2261 days] - history , copy )
Legends
The half-legendary biography compiled by General Yue Fei says that wandering Taoist Chen Tuan warned Yue's family about the impending flooding that would spill the Yellow River .
Legend has it that the emperor asked Chen Xi to take part in the training of warriors in order to crush the enemies. Chen Xi did not want to fight, and offered the emperor to play chess, in case of victory of the emperor, he will participate in the war, and in case of defeat he will receive possession of Mount Huashan . After winning a chess game, Chen Xi took possession of Huashan, where he moved. The chess game ( xiangqi ) is still preserved and is given in the game textbooks [1] .
Sources
- General Yue Fei ISBN 962-04-1279-6
See also
- Lubabafatsuan
Links
- Translation of Chen Tuan's instructions into Russian (inaccessible link)
- Retiring from work - translation of a poem by Chen Tuan
- Sleeping Dragon - translation of Chen Tuan's poem (inaccessible link from 05/23/2013 [2261]] - history , copy )
- Ni, Hua-Ching .Life and Teaching of Two Immortals: Volume II: Chen Tuan
- Chen Tuan (unavailable link)
- Chen Tuan server (whale.)
- Works of Chen Tuan (whit.) (Inaccessible link from 05/23/2013 [2261 days] - history , copy )
- 宋史 · 卷 457 · · 百一 十六 · 上 Short biography of Chen Tuan in Song dynastic history
- Chen Tuan (whale.) (Inaccessible link from 23-05-2013 [2261 day] - history , copy )
- Master Chen Po Hsi (inaccessible link from 05/23/2013 [2261 day] - history , copy )
- www.liuhopafa.com