In the Old Slavonic language the following declined parts of speech existed: noun , pronoun , short and full adjectives , numerals .
There were six cases : nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, local, and also vocal form. And also three numbers - singular, dual , plural. In the singular, all six cases were distinguished, plus the vocative form, in the plural there was no vocative form, in the dual the nominative / accusative / vocative, genitive / local and dative / instrumental. That is, in the dual number there were only three word forms.
Content
- 1 noun
- 1.1 Declination of nouns based on * -ā -, - iā-
- 1.2 The declension of nouns based on * -ŏ -, - iŏ-
- 1.3 The declension of nouns based on * -ŭ -, * - ĭ -, * - ū-.
- 1.4 Inclination of consonantal stems
- 1.5 Diverse nouns (heterocclitics)
- 2 Pronoun
- 2.1 Declination of personal pronouns
- 2.2 Declension of demonstrative pronouns
- 2.3 Declension of interrogative pronouns that do not distinguish gender and number
- 3 Literature
Noun
The Old Slavonic language fully preserved the Pre-Slavic declension , distinguishing 6 types with subtypes. However, only types of declination to * -ā -, * - ŏ -, * - ĭ- remained productive in it. The rest began to actively collapse and mix with productive types.
The declension of nouns based on * -ā -, - iā-
The vast majority of the foundations of * -ā -, - iā- are feminine nouns. There is also a small number of masculine words, all animated. In addition, this type of declension included feminine words ending in -yn, and masculine and feminine words in -i. There are no differences in declension between the words feminine and masculine. Declination on * -ā -, - iā- organically continues the corresponding Indo-European type on * -ā-, including also the ancient type on -ī-, which left a mark in the nominative case of words like goddess , slave , etc.
|
|
|
|
The declension of nouns based on * -ŏ -, - iŏ-
By type on * -ŏ -, - iŏ- the masculine words were inclined, ending in the nominative case on -b, -b, -i, as well as words of the middle gender on -o, -e. Most of the words masculine and neuter in the Old Slavonic language refer to this type of declension.
|
|
|
|
The declension of nouns based on * -ŭ -, * - ĭ -, * - ū-.
On a regular basis, only six masculine nouns were inclined to * -ŭ- type: sꙑнъ, vol, vrkh, medє, pol, lєd. The case endings of the * ŭ-declension could also occur in some nouns (for example, dom, voice, dar, rod, sad, ꙗдъ).
|
|
|
|
Declination of the basis for consonants
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dissonant Nouns (Heterocritics)
The masculine words with the suffixes -in-, -ar҄-, -tєl҄- were divergent. In the singular and dual numbers, they bowed as names based on * -ŏ -, * - iŏ-; in the plural they were inclined as names with a consonant basis. There were also heterocritics of the middle kind: eye, faceє, oho. In the singular and plural, they are bent according to the pattern of the basis for the consonant * -ĕs-, in the dual - according to the pattern of the declension of the name with the basis of * -ĭ-.
Pronoun
Declination of personal pronouns
| Case number | 1st person | 2nd person | return seat |
|---|---|---|---|
| I., Sound. units hours | aꙁ | tꙑ | |
| R. unit hours | mєnє | you | sєbє |
| D. units hours | me, mi | tєbѣ, ty | sєbѣ, si |
| B. units hours | mѧ | tѧ | cѧ |
| T. unit hours | man | you | own |
| M. units hours | mn | tєbѣ | sєbѣ |
| I., Sound. dv. hours | ѣ | wa | |
| Rm dv. hours | naya | vayu | |
| D.-T. dv. hours | nama | vama | |
| B. dv. hours | on, nꙑ | wa, bꙑ | |
| I., Sound. many hours | mꙑ | ꙑ | |
| R. pl. hours | us | you | |
| D. plural hours | nam, nꙑ | to you | |
| B. pl. hours | nꙑ | ꙑ | |
| T. pl. hours | us | you | |
| M. pl. hours | us | you |
Declination of indicative pronouns
The declension of demonstrative pronouns differs from the declension of nouns by the original case inflections in several cases. In addition, in the most pronominal basis, there is an alternation of o / ѣ, the origins of which lie in the pre-Slavic era. Demonstrative pronouns changed in six cases, three numbers, and three genera.
According to the solid variety, the words ov, ovo, ova were inclined; he, it, she; Th, then, that; ꙗкъ, ꙗко, ꙗка; inject, foreign, ina, as well as some others.
By soft sm, cѥ, cꙗ; and, ѥ, ꙗ; chii, chiѥ, chiꙗ; mine, mine, mine; yours, yours, mine; their own, their own; ours, oursє, ours; yours, yours, yours, and some others.
|
|
Declension of interrogative pronouns that do not distinguish gender and number
| Case | solid option | soft option |
|---|---|---|
| AND. | kyuto | who |
| R. | whom | what, what? |
| D. | kow | chєmou |
| AT. | whom | who |
| T. | Tsѣm | chim |
| M. | com | what |
Literature
- Bondaletov V. D. Samsonov N. G. , Samsonova L. N. Old Slavonic language. - M., 2008.
- Gorshkov A.I. Old Slavonic language. - M. 2002.
- Yolkina N.M. Old Slavonic language. - M., 1960.
- Meye A. Pan-Slavic language. - M., 1951.
- Soboleva L.I. Old Slavonic language in the tables. - Minsk, 2006.
- Izotov A.I. Staroslavian and Church Slavonic languages. - M.: IOSO RAO, 2001 .-- 240 p. - ISBN 5-7552-0045-9 .