Practical transcription of the Khmer language .
Content
Geographic Names
Compound geographical names are spelled in one word [1] :
- ស្វាយរៀង - Svayrieng
- បឹងទន្លេសាប - Tonle Sap
Power stress, always falls on the last syllable [1] :
- ភ្នំពេញ - Phnom Penh
- ឃុំ ប៉ោយប៉ែត - Poipet
Vowels and diphthongs
| In lat. basis | In Russian basis | Example | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khmersk. | Lat. | Rus | ||
| [ɑ:] | but | ក | [ k ɑ : ] | ka |
| [ɑ] | របស់ | [ r ɔ b ɑ h ] | robes | |
| [a:] | កា | [ k a : ] | ka | |
| [a] | ឆ្នាំ | [ c ʰ n a m ] | chnam | |
| [ɛ:] | uh | លែង | [ l ɛ : ŋ ] | lang |
| [ə:] | លើ | [ l ə : ] | le | |
| [ə] | ចង្កឹះ | [ c ɑ ŋ k ə h ] | thangkeh , thangkeh *** | |
| [e:] | e | កេរ | [ k e ] | ke |
| [e] | កេះ | [ k e h ] | kech | |
| [u:] | at | គ្រូ | [ k r u : ] | cool |
| [u] | ឃុំ | [ k ʰ u m ] | Khum | |
| [o:] | about | គោ | [ k o : ] | to |
| [o] | បុត្ត | [ b o t ] | bot | |
| [ɔ:] | ល ក | [ l ɔ : k ] | lok | |
| [ʊə] | កំពង់ | [ k ɑ m p ʊ ə ŋ ] | kampong | |
| [i:] | and | ហ្វ៊ីស៊ីក | [ f i : z i : k ] | physicist |
| [i] | មិត្ត | [ m i t ] | mit | |
| [ɨ:] | s | គឺ | [ k ɨ : ] | ky |
| [ɨ] | នឹង | [ n ɨ ŋ ] | nyng | |
| [uə] | woo | សាកសួរ | [ s a : k s u ə ] | sak suo |
| [ẹa] | ea | ភាយ | [ p ʰ ẹ a y ] | pheai |
| [ɨə] | ya | តឿ | [ t ɨ ə ] | you |
| [ɛa] | ea | ព្រះ | [ p r e a h ] | preah |
| [ao] | ao | កោរ | [ k a o ] | kao |
| [ae] | aye | ឡែ | [ l a e ] | barking |
| [aə] | ae | កើ | [ k a ə ] | kae |
| [ou] | OU | ហ្វូង | [ v o u ŋ ] | woog |
| [ɔɑ] | ooh | គាត់ | [ k o a t ] | koat |
Consonants
| In lat. basis | In Russian basis | Example | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khmersk. | Lat. | Rus | ||
| [p] | P | ប៉ី | [ p ə j ] | pay |
| [pʰ] | pkh , p * | ភាយ | [ p ʰ ẹ a y ] | pheai |
| ភ្នំពេញ | [ p ʰ n u m p e : ɲ ] | pumumpen | ||
| [b] | b | បុត្ត | [ b o t ] | bot |
| [m] | m | ម្ដាយ | [ m d a : j ] | md |
| [v] | at | ហ្វូង | [ v o u ŋ ] | woog |
| [w] | at | ក្រេវ | [ k r e : w ] | creu |
| [t] | t | តា | [ t a : ] | that |
| [tʰ] | tx t * | ថូ | [ t ʰ o : ] | tho |
| ថ្លៃ | [ t ʰ l a j ] | tlay | ||
| [d] | d | ម្ដាយ | [ m d a : j ] | md |
| [n] | n | ឆ្នាំ | [ c ʰ n a m ] | chnam |
| [c] | to | ភុជង្គ | [ p ʰ u ʔ c ʊ ə ŋ ] | phuktong , phuktong *** |
| [cʰ] | hh | ឆ្នាំ | [ c ʰ n a m ] | chnam |
| [ɲ] | ny | ខ្ញុំ | [ k ʰ ɲ o m ] | whip , whip *** |
| [k] | to | ក | [ k ɑ : ] | ka |
| [kʰ] | kh , k * | ខ្ញុំ | [ k ʰ ɲ o m ] | whip , whip *** |
| ឃុំ | [ k ʰ u m ] | Khum | ||
| [ŋ] | ng | ក្រុង | [ k r o ŋ ] | krong |
| ង៉ាវ | [ ŋ a : w ] | ngau | ||
| [ʔ] | to **** | តុ | [ t o ʔ ] | current |
| ស្អាត | [ s ʔ a : t ] | eaten | ||
| អួត | [ ʔ u ə t ] | wat | ||
| [r] | R | របស់ | [ r ɔ b ɑ h ] | robes |
| [l] | l , l ** | លលាដ៍ | [ l ɔ l i e ] | lolie |
| ក្បាល | [ k b a : l ] | kbal | ||
| [h] | x | ហើយ | [ h a ə j ] | haey |
| [s] | with | សា | [ s a : ] | sa |
| [z] | s | ហ្វ៊ីស៊ីក | [ f i : z i : k ] | physicist |
| [f] | f | |||
| [y] | th | ហើយ | [ h a ə j ] | haey |
Notes to the table:
* As the first component of the initial syllabic consonant group.
** At the end of the syllable.
*** The use of iotated vowels of the Russian language is allowed.
**** At the end of the syllable. As the second component of the initial syllable consonant group, it is conveyed by the solid sign ( b ), is not transcribed at the beginning of the syllable, cf. toʔ 'current', but sʔaːt 'eat', ʔuət - 'wat'.
Initials
| Initial | Transcription | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Ka | Like a reed | |
| Knga | Kngan - goose | |
| Kda | Kdam - crab | |
| Khna | Khnong - inside | |
| Kba | Kbae - about | |
| Khma | Khmeing is a child | |
| Kra | Kradah - paper | |
| Khla | Khlae is a friend | |
| Ksa | Xay - milk | |
| Kha | Khae - the moon | |
| Khtia | Khtav - snail | |
| Khtjo | ||
| To | Kok - cock |
Literature
- Gorgoniev Yu.A. Khmer language. - M .: Publishing house of oriental literature, 1961. - S. 21.
- Gorgoniev Yu. A. The category of the verb in the modern Khmer language. - M. , 1963.
- Gorgoniev Yu. A. Khmer-Russian Dictionary. About 20,000 words. / Ed. Fuck Swan. With the appendix of a brief grammar sketch of the Khmer language. - M. , 1975.
- Serdyuchenko G.P. Russian transcription for languages of the foreign East. - M .: Nauka, 1967. - S. 301—321.
- Huffman FE Cambodian system of writing and beginning reader. - Yale University Press, 1970.