Commeline ( Latin Commelina ) is a typical genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, annual and perennial herbs of the Commelinaceae family, which includes about 200 species common in Eurasia , Africa , North and South America .
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Content
Names
The scientific name was given to the family in 1703 by the French botanist Charles Plume in honor of the Dutch botanists Jan Kommelin , 1629 - 1692 ), one of the founders of the famous botanical garden Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam , and his nephew Caspar Kommelin , 1667 - 1731 ), since 1696 the director of this garden [2] .
There is a statement in Russian-language literature that Karl Linnaeus’s humor appeared in the name “commelin”: based on the structure of the flower (in which two petals are large and brightly colored, and the third is small and paler colored), he allegedly named this genus in honor of the three Kommelin brothers , of which two were nerds, and the third was a worthless person [3] . This statement contains at least two factual errors: firstly, the genus was named Commelina by Charles Plume in honor of the Commeline even before the birth of Linnaeus (in Nova plantarum americanarum genera , Paris, 1703-1704 ); secondly, there were no three Kommeline brothers: in addition to the two Kommeline botanists, there was a brother of the first and father of the second - Casparus Commelin ( 1634 - 1693 ): historian, bookseller, and newspaper publisher [4] . One of the reasons for this confusion is that, from the point of view of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the scientific names of plants published before May 1, 1753 are not considered truly made public, and therefore Linnaeus is formally the author of the generic name Commelina and the full scientific name of the genus is written as Commelina L . (1753) .
Synonyms :
- Athyrocarpus Schltdl. ex benth. ( 1855 )
- Commelinopsis Pichon ( 1946 )
- Phaeosphaerion Hassk. ( 1866 )
Distribution
Most species of the genus are found in tropical and subtropical zones of the globe; some species as weeds and alien plants enter the southern regions of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere .
Description
Some species have tuberous roots , from which annual shoots depart. Other species do not have such roots; their evergreen shoots spread along the ground, taking root in nodes.
Bracts asymmetrical, boat-shaped, groups of buds immersed in them. Three petals , two of them are larger and, usually, more brightly colored. At the base, the petals narrow. The color of the petals is usually blue, but there is also a white and pink color. Six stamens , arranged in two circles. In most comels, flowers are short-lived: open in the morning, wither for one day. A feature of the commelin is that the flower petals, withering, do not dry out, but turn into a jelly-like mass.
Usage
Some comelins are grown as ornamental plants.
The roots of some species (including common commeline ) are edible.
Commelinas are also used in folk medicine.
Views
According to the database of The Plant List , the genus includes 215 species [5] . Some of them:
- Commelina africana L. - African commeline
- Commelina benghalensis L. - Commeline Bengal
- Commelina coelestis Willd. - Commeline sky blue
- Commelina communis L. - Common commeline
- Commelina cyanea R. Br. - Commeline blue
- Commelina latifolia hochst. ex A.Rich. - dumplings broadleaf
- Commelina longifolia Lam. - Long-leafed commeline
- Commelina pyrrhoblepharis Hassk. - Caramel fiery ciliated
- Commelina spectabilis CBClarke
- Commelina tuberosa L. - tuberous caramel
- Commelina virginica L. - Commelina virginia
- Commelina welwitschii CBClarke
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ Commelina in the Flora section of North America at eFloras.org Checked September 21, 2008
- ↑ Online accessible publications containing similar statements:
- Druzhinin A.V., Druzhinina I.A. Creative destiny of Karl Linnaeus - a person, scientist, teacher (inaccessible link) Retrieved September 22, 2008
- Basic principles of the ICBC Archived copy of June 26, 2008 on Wayback Machine Tested September 22, 2008. In this article, the Comelins are also called not Dutch, but Danish scientists - apparently, due to the incorrect translation of the English word Dutch into Russian.
- ↑ Casparus Commelin (1634–1693) on the website of Our Family Commelin Archived March 6, 2016 on the Wayback Machine (nid.) (Fr.) (Eng.) Retrieved September 22, 2008
- ↑ Commelina . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). Date of treatment August 13, 2016.
Literature
- Trifonova V.I. Family of Commelinaceae (Commelinaceae) // Plant Life. In 6 vols. T. 6. Flowering plants / Ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyana . - M .: Education, 1982. - S. 316-322.
- Botany. Encyclopedia "All plants of the world": Per. from English (Ed. Grigoriev D. et al.) - Könemann, 2006 (Russian edition). - S. 247. - ISBN 3-8331-1621-8 .
- Kott S.A. Quarantine weeds and the fight against them. - 2. - M., 1953.
Links
- Kommeline // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. (Retrieved September 15, 2011)
- Kommelin // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Commeline in the Encyclopedia of Ornamental Garden Plants