Lucifer of Cagliari , also Lucifer of Calarius , Lucifer of Calaritan and Lucifer of Calaris ( Latin: Lucifer Calaritanus ); San Lucifero ( Italian: San Lucifero - “ Saint Lucifer ”; d. 370 or 371 ) - Bishop of Cagliari on Fr. Sardinia (353-370 / 371), known for his active struggle against Arianism , is a Christian locally revered saint . Athanasius the Great mentions him in a row with Pope Liberius and Hosea of Spain [1]
| Lucifer of Calaria | |
|---|---|
| Lucifer | |
| Birth | beg. 4th century AD Cagliari (?) Roman Empire |
| Death | 371 Cagliari Roman Empire |
| Is revered | Roman catholic church |
| Canonized | 1625 |
| In the face | and |
| Main shrine | Chiesa di San Lucifero (Cagliari, Italy) |
| Day of Remembrance | May 20 at the Roman Catholic Church |
The personal name Lucifer in this case is in no way connected with Satan , since it was a common personal name of the late Roman Empire ( dominance ) and meant "luminiferous, shining."
Content
Biography
A convinced supporter of the Nicene Creed , Bishop Caralis (modern Cagliari) Lucifer, along with the priest Pankratius and Deacon Hilarius, was sent by Pope Liberius in 354, as a papal legate with a mission to Emperor Constantius II with a request to convene the Ecumenical Council to overcome the Arian dispute . At the Milan Cathedral in 355, he defended Athanasius of Alexandria and opposed the Arians so actively that, at the instigation of the latter, Emperor Constantius II , who was sympathetic to the Arians, imprisoned Lucifer for three days in his palace. While in the palace, Lucifer refused to sign the acts of the cathedral, and argued so actively with the emperor that he was expelled with his colleagues Eusebius , Bishop Vercelli and Dionysius , Bishop of Milan, first to Germanica in Syria, Palestine , then to Elevferopol in Palestine, finally to Thebes of Egypt . Athanasius of Alexandria was also sent into exile. From exile, Lucifer wrote emperor passionate letters.
After the death of Constantius II, Julian came to power. Lucifer was released in 362 . Despite this, he did not come to terms with the former Arians. Returning from the Thebaidic exile, in 362, in Antioch, he single-handedly ordained the old Nicene Peacock to the bishops, and became one of the organizers of the so-called “Peacock schism” [2] . Refusing to reconcile with the repentant Arians, the "frantic" Lucifer broke off relations with the Nicene people, and retired to his bishopric, "content with communicating with himself" [3] . Around him formed a small group of like-minded people. As can be assumed from the works of Ambrose of Mediolan and St. Augustine , Lucifer was excommunicated. Jerome Stridon calls his followers " Luciferians " - this sect continued to exist until the 5th century . In his essay “Conversation against Luciferians” ( lat. “Altercatio Luciferiani et orthodoxi” - “The Debate between Luciferian and Orthodox”) [4] Jerome collected everything that he knew about Lucifer and his sect.
Saint Lucifer died about 370 years . The day of his memory is celebrated by Catholics on May 20 .
Honor
The chapel in Cagliari Cathedral is dedicated to Saint Lucifer. The wife of the king of France Louis XVIII , Maria-Josephine-Louise of Savoy, is buried in it. [five]
Lucifer, who did not recognize the doctrine of the three hypostases, and possibly excommunicated, was not canonized [6] , and until the 17th century remained a locally revered saint in Cagliari [7] . In 1623, by order of Archbishop Cagliari don Francisco de Eskivel, the tomb of Lucifer was opened during excavations in the area of the Basilica di San Saturnino. On the marble slab was the inscription Hic iacet BM Luciferus arc (hi) epis (copus) callaritanus primarius Sardin (ia) e et Corcic (a) e fl sr me eclesiae que vixit annis LXXXI. K.Die XX mai [8] . June 24, 1623 his relics were solemnly transferred to the sanctuary of the martyrs in the cathedral of the city.
For the first time the name of Lucifer from Cagliari was included in the calendar of saints in 1625, in the "General Catalog of Saints" published by Filippo Ferrari ( lat. Catalogus generalis sanctorum ) [7] .
The inclusion of the name of Lucifer in the church calendar caused controversy between supporters and opponents of veneration of him as a saint. In 1639, Archbishop Cagliari Ambrogio Machin wrote the work Defending the Holiness of Blessed Lucifer ( Latin: Defensio Sanctitatis beati Luciferi ). A congregation of bollandists came out in defense of Lucifer. The dispute, however, continued, and on June 20, 1641, Pope Urban VIII decided to ban public discussion of this issue until an official decision was made. For greater persuasiveness, the papal decree was brought to the attention of believers through the local branch of the Inquisition [9] .
Bibliography
The main works of Lucifer against the Arians:
- Epistola ad Catholicos (Epistle to the Catholics; c. 355, lost)
- Epistola ad Eusebium (Epistle to Eusebius; 355)
- De non conveniendo cum Haereticis (“On Disagreement with Heretics”; c. 357)
- De Regibus Apostolicis (On the Realms of the Apostates; 358)
- Ad Constantium Augustuum pro Sancto Athanasio, Libri II or De Athanasio (“Augustine Constantine about St. Athanasius, 2 books” or “About Athanasius”; 360)
- De non parcendo in Deum delinquentibus (“On the unsuccessfulness of the deviant in God”; 360)
- Moriundum esse pro Dei filio (“Be prepared to die for the Son of God”; 361)
- Epistola ad Florentium Magistirum Officiorum (“Epistle of Florence, Master of Offices”; 361)
Lucifer cites the Bible widely in his writings, and therefore they are useful sources for Vetus Latina .
Notes
- ↑ Athanasius the Great, St. Protective Word of Athanasius, Archbishop of Alexandria, before King Constantius
- ↑ Lucifer and Peacock rejected the doctrine of the three hypostases, despite the fact that it was already accepted by Athanasius (Kartashev, p. 100)
- ↑ Kartashev, p. 108
- ↑ Jerome Stridon Conversation Against Luciferian
- ↑ A Jacobite Gazetteer - Cagliari, Sardinia
- ↑ Filippov, p. 506
- ↑ 1 2 Catholic Encyclopedia, Art. 1814
- ↑ Here lies Bl. The torment. Lucifer arch (s) bishop (cop) Calaritan mayor Sardin (s) and Corsic (s) (...) the church which lived 81 years. K. 20th day of May . At the same time, the first known archbishop of Cagliari was Lucifer II, mentioned in one document of 484
- ↑ Blunt, p. 263
Literature
- Blunt JH Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought . (unavailable link from 12-03-2018 [515 days]) - Rivingtons, 1874
- Cross, FL ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press , 1978.
- Englebert, Omer. The Lives of the Saints. Christopher and Anne Fremantle, trans. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1994. Nihil obstat , Imprimatur 1951.
- Diercks, GF ed. Luciferi Calaritani Opera quae supersunt , Turnhout: Brepols, 1978.
- Krüger G. Lucifer, Bischof von Calaris, und das Schisma der Luciferianer . (unavailable link from 12-03-2018 [515 days]) - Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1886
- Kartashev A.V. Ecumenical Councils. - M .: Republic, 1994. - ISBN 5-250-01847-5
- Catholic Encyclopedia. T. II. - M.: Franciscan Publishing House, 2005. - ISBN 5-89208-054-4
- Filippov I.S. Mediterranean Mediterranean in the Early Middle Ages. The problem of the formation of feudalism. - M.: Scriptorium, 2000. - ISBN 5-94448-002-5