Pierre Poivre ( fr. Pierre Poivre ; August 23, 1719 , Lyon - January 6, 1786 , Saint-Romain-o-Mont-d'Or ) - French plant grower, missionary in China and Indochina , botanist researcher, ambassador to the colony of Kohinhin , quartermaster Mauritius and Reunion islands, carrier of the ribbon of the Order of the Holy Spirit [5] .
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Author of a number of botanical taxa . In the botanical ( binary ) nomenclature, these names are supplemented by the abbreviation " Poivre " . Personal page on IPNI website |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Interesting Facts
- 3 See also
- 4 Publications by Pierre Poivre
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Biography
Being a youth missionary in the Far East , he visited Guangzhou , Macau . In 1745, as a member of the French East India Company, on his way to the East Indies, he was wounded in a naval battle with a British ship and lost part of his right hand. On September 15, 1766, Pierre Pauvre married Francoise Robin (1749-1841). Three children are born from this union. [6] In 1767 he was appointed manager of the islands of Ile-de-France (modern Mauritius ) and Ile-Bourbon (now Reunion ). He organized one of the first botanical gardens in the southern hemisphere , collecting seedlings and seeds of plants from many tropical regions of the world. In order to overcome the Dutch monopoly on cloves and nutmeg organized in 1769-1770. [7] Smuggling expeditions that succeeded, as a result of which these spices spread to both the islands controlled by Poivre, as well as to the Seychelles .
The botanical garden created by Poirot is now one of the most prominent of these gardens, covering an area of about 37 hectares and representing plants from Africa, Asia, both the Americas and the islands of the Indian Ocean. Pauvre set forth his memoirs in the book Travels of the Philosopher. Among his readers was Thomas Jefferson , who was particularly interested in the description of mountain rice cultivated by the inhabitants of Vietnam [8] .
Poitre was one of the first to make an assumption about the relationship between deforestation and climate change [9] .
In honor of the governor-botanist, the Atoll Puavre was named in the group of Amirant Islands , on the island of Reunion there is a lyceum of his name and several sculptures.
Interesting Facts
- The surname Poitre is most directly related to spices - in French it means “ pepper ” ( Poivre ; pronunciation ).
- Pierre Poivre's nephew was another famous French naturalist and traveler, Pierre Sonner . Occupying a post on the island of Ильle-de-France, in 1768, Puertre took his nephew to work as secretary. From this moment began the research career of Sonnier, which ended only with his death in 1814 [10] [11] .
See also
- Pamplusius Botanical Garden , founded by Poirot.
- Cloves and nutmeg
Pierre Puavre Publications
- "Travels of the Philosopher"; Voyages d'un philosophe ou observations sur les moeurs et les arts des peuples de l'Afrique, de l'Asie et de l'Amérique Authors: Pierre Poivre, Fortuné-Barthélemy de Félice Publisher: F.-B. de Félice, 1769 is a freely available digital version on Google Books.
- Tableau historique de l'Inde, contenant un abrégé de la mithologie et des mœurs indiennes ; Pierre Poivre Publisher: Aux dépens de la Société typographique, 1771 - Free access on Google Books.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 11556182X // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Committee of historical and scientific works - 1834.
- ↑ Pierre Poivre: Eighteenth Century Explorer of Southeast Asia Lewis A. Maverick The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Jun., 1941), pp. 165-177
- ↑ Departmental archives of the Rhone. - Saint - Cyprien, 1766.
- ↑ The Scents of Eden: A Narrative of the Spice Trade Authors: Charles Corn Publisher: Kodansha America, 1998 ISBN 1-56836-249-8 , 9781568362496; on page 223:
"Provost set out in May 1769 for the Spice Islands .... Poivre had been a tireless collector of intelligence on the islands, and his sources informed him of the discovery of a small, uninhabited island northwest of Ternate called Miao, where spices grew in abundance and the Dutch were not especially vigilant as to its security .. "
- ↑ Rice Archived May 9, 2008 on Wayback Machine - Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. (Eng.) Jefferson Scientific Encyclopedia. Quote:
.Jefferson now turned his attention from the commercial success of his southern countrymen to their health. In the summer of 1787 he began to wonder whether the culture of dry rice might “enable us to get rid of those ponds of stagnant water so fatal to human health and life.” He had been reading the Voyages d'un Philosophe by Pierre Poivre , a man who had traveled the Far East as a missionary - first for the Catholic faith and then for French colonial agriculture. During an adventurous life, in which he was captured three times by the British, Poivre introduced the nutmeg, clove, and other Asian plants to the colonies of Ile de France and Bourbon (today Mauritius and Reunion). To break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade, he too resorted to smuggling, and even to night raids. But it was Poivre's description of the mountain rice of Vietnam, a country ruled by philosopher-princes, that particularly caught Jefferson's attention.
- ↑ Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 Authors: Richard H. Grove Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 1995 ISBN 0-521-56513-8 , ISBN 978-0-521-56513- 4 See on page 168
- ↑ Ly-Tio-Fane, Madeleine. Pierre Sonnerat: 1748-1814, an Account of His Life and Work. - Mauritius, 1976. - 157 p.
- ↑ Ray, Aniruddha. Book Reviews: MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE: Pierre Sonnerat, 1748-1814, Mauritius, 1976, pp. 157, Illustrations & Plates, price not stated // Indian Economic & Social History Review. - 1981. - T. 18 , no. 1 . - S. 92 .
Links
- Lycee Pierre Poivre - website of the Lyceum of Poitre, Reunion Island .