Chronological project of Xia-Shan-Zhou

The project compared the archaeological data, the results of radiocarbon analysis , text sources, astronomical and other interdisciplinary methods in order to achieve temporal and geographical accuracy.

The project accepted the offer of the Korean scientist Pang Sunzhu (方 善 柱) to interpret the record in the Bamboo Annals of the twilight’s double approach at the time of the ascent of Chjou Ying-wang to the throne as an indication of the solar eclipse of 899 BC. er ^{[1] [2]}

The most important event for dating is the fall of the Shang dynasty and the establishment of the Zhou dynasty. According to the available texts, the day of the sixties cycle, the position of the Sun, the phase and position of the Moon, and even the positions of some planets are known. However, the year of the event is unknown. It was proposed 44 different options from 1130 to 1018 BC. er with the dating of this event. ^{[3] [4]}

The brunt of the criticism is the idea that China had a continuous history of 5,000 years, in which the states of Xia, Shang and Zhou occupied a central place, while ignoring the rest of the peoples, tribes and public entities, which could be no less developed. ^[3]

Disputes also cause certain provisions

1. Radiocarbon data, determined with a 68% confidence interval (instead of the standard 95%), define the time frame more narrowly than they should be. ^[five]
2. Astronomical calculations of the solar eclipse in 899 BC. er erroneous ^{[6] [7]}
3. Astronomical substantiations of datings are questioned due to the unreliability of interpretations of the records used by the reasoning ^{[6] [7]} .
4. In later documents, there was a lack of understanding of the ancient calendar, which led to an incorrect interpretation of the chronology of the events of antiquity. ^[eight]

• All four phases of the Erlitou culture were identified as Xia dynasty .
• 2070 BC recognized as the year of the beginning of the Xia dynasty.
• 1600 BC e recognized the year of the change of the dynasty, when power passed to the Shang dynasty.
• 1300 BC e recognized by the reign of Shan's king Pan Gen ( Kit. Ex . 盤庚 , Pinyin : Pán Gng , Pall .: Pan Geng ).
• 1046 BC This is recognized as the year of the change of the dynasty, when the authorities received Zhou's house
• A stable chronology of the Shang dynasty from the beginning of the Pan Gen rule to the Di Xin rule ( Kit. 盤庚 ) was established.
• The period of the Western Zhou received a complete and accurate dating of the years of government.

The rulers of the Zhou dynasty, according to the chronology determined by the Xia-Shang-Zhou project

1. Table of the kings of the ancient dynasties in accordance with the project of Sa-Shang-Zhou
2. Douglas J. KEENAN (2007), “ Defense of the Chronology is unmerited ”, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage , 10: 142–147.
3. Yun Kuen LEE (2002), “Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History”, Asian Perspectives: The Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific , 41.1: 15-42.
4. LI Xueqin (2002), “The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project”, Journal of East Asian Archaeology , 4: 321-333.
5. F. Richard STEPHENSON (2008), “How do you want to record solar eclipses?”, Journal for the History of Astronomy , 39: 229-250.
6. Keenan, Douglas J. (2002), " Astro-historiographic chronologies of early China are unfounded, " East Asian History T. 23: 61–68 , < http://www.informath.org/pubs/EAH02a.pdf >  
7. Shaughnessy, Edward L. (2009), "Chronologies of the China-Shang – Zhou Chronology Project" , in Ho, Clara Wing-chung, Windows on the Chinese World: Reflections by five historians , Lexington Books, p. 15–28, ISBN 978-0-7391-2769-8 , < http://ealc.uchicago.edu/documents/6Chronologies%20of%20Ancient%20China-1.pdf >   Archived copy of August 15, 2011 on Wayback Machine
8. Lee, Yun Kuen (2002), " Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History ", Asian Perspectives: The Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific , Vol. 41 (1): 15–42, doi : 10.1353 / asi.2002.0006 , < http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/17161 >  
9. Yin, Weizhang (2002), " New Development in the Chronology of the Three Dynasties ", Chinese Archaeology T. 2: 1–5 , < http://www.kaogu.net.cn/en/detail.asp ? ProductID = 3446 >