King of Spain ( Spanish Rey de España ) - the title of the rulers of the Kingdom of Spain , formed in the late XV - early XVI century at the merger of the kingdom of Castile and Leon with the kingdom of Aragon . The numbering of the Spanish monarchs continues the numbering of the kings of Castile. In the Middle Ages , the title emperor of all Spain was used . Officially, the first to accept the title King of Spain was Philip II.
| King of spain | |
|---|---|
| Spanish Rey de España | |
 Royal Standard of Spain | |
 Position takes Philip VI from June 19, 2014 | |
| Leads | The Kingdom of Spain |
| Appeal form | His Majesty the King of Spain, Castile, Leon, Aragon, Both Sicilies, Jerusalem, Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Mallorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordoba, Corsica, Murcia, Menorca, Jaena, Algarve, Algeciras, Gibraltar, East, Spain and the West Indies, Islands and Continents of the Oceans and Seas, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Milan, Neoparty, Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol, Roussillon and Barcelona, Lord of Biscay and Molina |
| Official residence | Royal Palace of Madrid (official) Zarzuela Palace (private) |
| Assigned | by inheritance |
| Term of office | for life |
| Post has appeared | 1516 year |
| First in office | Charles I |
| Site | casareal.es |
Content
Responsibility for decisions
The decisions of the King are sealed by the signature of the Prime Minister and, if necessary, the respective ministers. The nomination of the candidate and the appointment of the Chairman of the Government, as well as the dissolution of the General Cortes, provided for in Article 99 of the Constitution, are affixed by the signature of the Chairman of the Congress. The decisions of the King are the responsibility of the persons who sealed them with their signatures.
Inheritance of the throne
The Spanish Crown is inherited by the successors of His Majesty Don Juan Carlos I de Borbon, the rightful heir to the historical dynasty. The inheritance of the throne is carried out in the usual order of birthright and representation, preference is given to the previous branch over the subsequent ones, in the same branch - a closer degree of kinship, with the same degree of kinship - a man over a woman, with the same field - older than younger. The Crown Prince from the day of his birth or from the moment when he will be proclaimed as such, gains the dignity of the Prince of Asturias, as well as all other titles traditionally related to the heir to the Spanish Crown. In the event that all branches of the dynasty that have the right to inherit the Crown are extinguished, the General Cortes will decide the question of inheritance in the form most suitable for the interests of Spain. Anyone who has the right to inherit the Crown will marry, despite the prohibition of the King or the General Cortes, is deprived, as well as his descendants, of the right to inherit the Crown. The abdication and resignation, as well as any doubts on the merits or rightfully arising in connection with the order of succession of the Crown, are decided by law. The spouse of the King or the spouse of the Queen cannot exercise constitutional functions, except for the functions established by the Regency Law.
During the Coronation, before the General Cortes, the King takes the oath that he will honestly fulfill his duties, fulfill and defend the Constitution and laws and respect the rights of citizens and autonomous Communities. Upon reaching adulthood, the Crown Prince, and the Regent or Regents, upon taking up their duties, take the same oath as well as the oath of allegiance to the King.
Authority
King of Spain:
- He is the head of state;
- Symbol of the unity of Spain;
- Arbitrator and mediator in the continuous activities of state bodies;
- Inviolable and not subject to liability;
- Signs and promulgates laws,
- Convenes and dissolves General Cortes and calls elections in the manner prescribed by the Constitution;
- Calls a referendum in cases provided for by the Constitution;
- Offers a candidate for the chairmanship of the Government and, if necessary, appoints or dismisses him from office in accordance with the conditions provided for in the Constitution;
- On the proposal of the Prime Minister, appoints and dismisses members of the Government;
- Issues decrees agreed by the Council of Ministers, favors civilian and military posts, awards orders and confers honorary titles in accordance with laws;
- Aware of public affairs and presides by virtue of this at meetings of the Council of Ministers, when it considers it necessary, at the request of the Prime Minister;
- He is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces;
- Exercises the right of pardon in accordance with the law, which does not provide for general amnesties;
- Provides supreme patronage to the royal academies;
- Appoints ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives. Foreign representatives in Spain are accredited with him;
- Signs international treaties on behalf of the state, in accordance with the Constitution and laws;
- With the prior consent of the General Cortes, declares war and concludes peace;
- Appoints the Prime Minister of the country;
- On the proposal of the Prime Minister, appoints and dismisses the remaining members of the Government;
- Calls a referendum on the proposal of the Prime Minister, previously approved by the Congress of Deputies;
- On his behalf, justice is administered by judges and members of the courts representing the judiciary;
- Appoints 20 members of the Supreme Court for 5 years;
- Appoints the President of the Constitutional Court at the proposal of the General Council of the Judiciary in the manner prescribed by law;
- Appoints the Prosecutor General of the State on the proposal of the Government, taking into account the opinion of the General Council of the Judiciary;
- Appoints 12 members of the Constitutional Court;
- Appoints the President of the Constitutional Court from among its members upon presentation of a plenum of the same court for a term of three years.
Financing
The king receives from the state budget the total amount for the maintenance of his family and the Court and freely disposes of it.
Dynasty of Trastamara ( Spanish: Casa de Trastamara )
Under Isabella and Ferdinand, the royal dynasties of Castile and Aragon were combined into one. The historiography of Spain as a whole interprets this as the formation of the Kingdom of Spain, but in fact, the two kingdoms continued for many centuries with their own separate institutions. Only by the decrees of Nueva Planta of the beginning of the XVIII century, these two lands were officially united in a single state.
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferdinand V | March 10, 1452 | January 23, 1516 | January 15, 1475 | January 23, 1516 | King of Aragon and Valencia (1479-1516) under the name Ferdinand II and king of Castile and Leon (1475-1504) under the name Ferdinand V | |
| Isabella I | April 22, 1451 | November 26, 1504 | December 11, 1474 | November 26, 1504 | Queen of Castile and Leon | |
| Juan I the Mad | November 6, 1479 | April 12, 1555 | January 23, 1516 | April 12, 1555 | Queen of Castile and Leon (1504-1555) and Queen of Aragon (1516-1555) | |
| Philip I the Beautiful | July 22, 1478 | September 25, 1506 | November 26, 1504 | September 25, 1506 | King of Castile |
Habsburg Dynasty
Known in Spain as the "Austrian" ( Spanish: Casa de Austria ). Under Juan I the Mad, and then her son Charles I, the two thrones of Castile and Aragon were finally united under the authority of one monarch. The traditional numbering of monarchs continues according to the numbering of the Castilian crown. In addition, Alfonso XII takes the XII number after Alfonso XI of Castile, and not Alfonso V of Aragon, to the Spanish monarchs with that name.
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles I | February 24, 1500 | September 21, 1558 | January 27, 1516 | January 16, 1556 | Son of Philip I the Beautiful and Juan I the Mad; abdicated in 1556; Holy Roman Emperor as Charles V | |
| Philip II | May 21, 1527 | September 13, 1598 | January 16, 1556 | September 13, 1598 | Son of Charles I; at the same time the king of Portugal (1581-1598) under the name Philip I | |
| Philip III | April 14, 1578 | March 31, 1621 | September 13, 1598 | March 31, 1621 | The son of Philip II; at the same time the king of Portugal (1598-1621) under the name Philip II | |
| Philip IV | April 8, 1605 | September 17, 1665 | March 31, 1621 | September 17, 1665 | The son of Philip III; at the same time the king of Portugal (1621-1640) under the name Philip III | |
| Charles II | November 6, 1661 | November 1, 1700 | September 17, 1665 | November 1, 1700 | Son of philip iv | |
| Charles VI contender for the Spanish throne (like Charles III). | October 1, 1685 | October 20, 1740 | November 1, 1700 | October 12, 1714 | Son of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I; contender for the Spanish throne during the Spanish War |
In 1700, Charles II died. In the will, he named his successor 16-year-old Philip, the grandson of Karl’s sister Maria Theresa of Spain, the heir to the entire Spanish empire. At any possible abandonment of the undivided Spanish possessions, the Crown of Spain will be offered next to Philip's younger brother Carl, Duke of Berry, or Archduke Charles of Austria.
Both applicants, Philip and Karl, had the legal right to the Spanish throne, since Philippe's grandfather, King of France Louis XIV and Karl’s father, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, were sons of aunts Karl, Anna and Maria Anna. Philip claimed the birthright because Anna was older than Maria Anna. However, Philip IV in his testament indicated that inheritance should go to the Austrian Habsburg line, and the Austrians also claimed that Maria Theresa , Philippe's grandmother, abandoned the Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was refuted by the French claim that it was based on a dowry that was never paid.
After a long meeting of the council, at which Dauphin spoke out for the rights of his son, it was decided that Philip would ascend the throne. After this, the war for the Spanish Succession began, and Archduke Charles was also proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III, as opposed to Philip V. He was proclaimed in Vienna, as well as in Madrid in 1706 and 1710. Charles renounced claims to the Spanish throne in the Rastatt Treaty of 1714, but further use of the styles of the Spanish monarch for his life was allowed. Philip ascended the Spanish throne, but was forced to abandon his claims to the French throne for his sake and his descendants.
Bourbon Dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philip V | December 19, 1683 | July 9, 1746 | November 16, 1700 | January 14, 1724 | Son of Louis the Great Dauphin, grandson of Louis XIV; abdicated in 1724 | |
| Luis Manuel Fernandez de Portocarrero | January 8, 1635 | September 14, 1709 | September 1, 1701 | January 17, 1703 | Kingdom Governor General during the absence of King Philip V | |
| Louis I | August 25, 1707 | August 31, 1724 | January 15, 1724 | August 31, 1724 | Son of Philip V; there was a brief interregnum between the death of Louis I and the return of his father to the throne | |
| Philip V | December 19, 1683 | July 9, 1746 | September 6, 1724 | July 9, 1746 | Son of Louis the Great Dauphin, grandson of Louis XIV; returned to the throne after the death of the son of Louis I | |
| Ferdinand VI | September 23, 1713 | August 10, 1759 | July 9, 1746 | August 10, 1759 | The son of Philip V | |
| Isabella Farnese | October 25, 1692 | July 11, 1766 | August 10, 1759 | December 9, 1759 | Queen Regent during the absence of King Charles III | |
| Charles III | January 20, 1716 | December 10, 1788 | August 10, 1759 | December 14, 1788 | The son of Philip V | |
| Charles IV | November 11, 1748 | January 20, 1819 | December 14, 1788 | March 19, 1808 | Son of Charles III; abdicated in 1808 (first time) | |
| Ferdinand VII | October 14, 1784 | September 29, 1833 | March 19, 1808 | May 6, 1808 | Son of Charles IV; abdicated in 1808; A significant part of Spain did not recognize the abdication of Ferdinand VII , as it was made under pressure. On September 25, 1808 , the Highest Ruling Junta was formed, recognized by a number of foreign powers as the legitimate government of Spain; she continued to recognize Ferdinand as king. | |
| Charles IV | November 11, 1748 | January 20, 1819 | May 6, 1808 | May 6, 1808 | Son of Charles III; abdicated in 1808 (repeatedly); After the second abdication of Charles IV, during the month there was an interregnum, during which the viceroy and governor was Marshal Joachim Murat |
Interregnum
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joachim Murat | March 25, 1767 | October 13, 1815 | May 6, 1808 | July 20, 1808 | Lieutenant General of Spain before the arrival of Joseph I Bonaparte in the country; Grand Duke of Berg (1806-1808) and King of Naples (1808-1815) |
Bonaparte Dynasty
The only monarch from this dynasty was Joseph I, introduced by his brother Napoleon I after the abdication of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII. The title used by Joseph I was king of Spain and India, by the grace of God and the State Constitution. It also bears the names of all previous monarchs. The government was formed on September 25, 1808, but it continued to recognize prisoner Ferdinand VII as king. This government was diplomatically recognized as the legitimate Spanish government by Great Britain and other countries fighting against France.
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph I Napoleon | January 7, 1768 | July 28, 1844 | June 6, 1808 | December 11, 1813 | He is Joseph, brother of Napoleon I. Not everyone recognized him as king, and after the restoration of the Bourbons, most of his decisions were invalidated. |
Bourbon Dynasty
The eldest son of Charles IV was restored to the throne. The title was the king of Castile, Leon, Aragon, ... by the grace of God.
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferdinand VII | October 14, 1784 | September 29, 1833 | December 11, 1813 | September 29, 1833 | Son of Charles IV; returned to the Spanish throne in 1813 | |
| Isabella II | October 10, 1830 | April 9, 1904 | September 29, 1833 | September 30, 1868 | Daughter of Ferdinand VII; after the abdication of Isabella (1868) there was a long interregnum (more than two years), during which the government sought abroad the candidacy of a new king. | |
| Maria Christina I Sr. | April 27, 1806 | April 27, 1878 | September 29, 1833 | October 12, 1840 | Daughter of Francis I, King of Both Sicilies; Queen Regent, her power was disputed by don Carlos Sr. | |
| Baldomero Espartero | February 27, 1793 | January 8, 1879 | October 12, 1840 | July 23, 1843 | Regent during the Isabella II Childhood | |
| Francisco de Asis Bourbon | May 13, 1822 | April 17, 1902 | October 10, 1846 | September 30, 1868 | Spouse of Isabella II, since 1846 - Consort King of Spain |
Interregnum
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francisco Serrano | December 17, 1810 | November 26, 1885 | September 30, 1868 | January 2, 1871 | Regent of Spain (initially - during the search for the monarch abroad; after - under Amadeus I) |
Savoy Dynasty
After the Spanish Revolution of 1868, which overthrew Isabella II, the Provisional Government and Regency was created, headed by Francisco Serrano and Dominguez from October 8, 1868 to January 2, 1871, while the search for a new monarch was taking place. Amadeo was elected king, and the new title was king of Spain, the grace of God and the will of the people.
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amadeus I | May 30, 1845 | January 18, 1890 | November 16, 1870 | February 11, 1873 | Son of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II; abdicated in 1873 |
Interregnum: First Republic
- First Republic of Spain : 1873-1874
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Don Carlos the Younger under the name Charles VII | March 30, 1848 | July 18, 1909 | October 3, 1868 | July 18, 1907 | He was king in Navarre and the Basque Country in the period from 1872 - 1876 |
Bourbon Dynasty
After the short existence of the First Spanish Republic (1873–1874), it was decided to restore the monarchy. The Bourbon dynasty was again restored to the throne in the person of Alphonse XII, the son of Queen Isabella II.
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antonio Canovas del Castillo | February 8, 1828 | August 8, 1897 | December 31, 1874 | January 14, 1875 | Chairman of the Regency during the absence of King Alfonso XIII | |
| Alphonse XII | November 28, 1857 | November 25, 1885 | December 29, 1874 | November 25, 1885 | The son of Isabella II and Francisco de Asis de Bourbon; after his death, regency was established, since the inheritance of the crown depended on the gender of the unborn child, who was waiting for the widow of Alphonse. If a girl were born, the heiress would be the eldest daughter of the late king, Infanta Maria Mercedes. A boy was born, proclaimed at birth by King Alphonse XIII. | |
| Maria Christina II Younger | July 21, 1858 | February 6, 1929 | November 25, 1885 | May 17, 1902 | Daughter of Karl Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria; Regent Queen of the Infant Alfonso XIII | |
| Alphonse XIII | May 17, 1886 | February 28, 1941 | May 17, 1886 | April 14, 1931 | Son of Alphonse XII; Abdicated in 1931 |
Interregnum: Second Republic and Franco
- Second Republic of Spain : 1931-1939
- Caudillo Francisco Franco : 1939-1975 [1]
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caudillo Francisco Franco | December 4, 1892 | November 20, 1975 | April 1, 1939 | November 20, 1975 | In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the applicant, Count of Barcelona , to take the throne, and subsequently provided for the transfer of the crown after his death to the son of the Count of Barcelona, Juan Carlos | |
| Prince Juan Carlos | January 5, 1938 | Now live | July 19, 1974 | September 2, 1974 | The son of Count Juan of Barcelona, grandson of King Alfonso XIII; Acting Head of State during illness Francisco Franco | |
| October 30, 1975 | November 20, 1975 |
Interregnum (1975)
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alejandro Rodriguez de Valcarcel | December 25, 1917 | November 22, 1976 | November 20, 1975 | November 22, 1975 | Regent of Spain |
Bourbon Dynasty
After the death of Caudillo Francisco Franco, the monarchy was restored in Spain. The throne was occupied by Juan Carlos I, the son of the Count of Barcelona Juan and the grandson of King Alphonse XIII.
| Portrait | Name | Date of Birth | Date of death | The beginning of the reign | Board ending | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juan Carlos I | January 5, 1938 | Now live | November 22, 1975 | June 18, 2014 | Son of Count Juan of Barcelona, grandson of Alfonso XIII; abdicated in 2014 | |
| Philip VI | January 30, 1968 | Now live | June 19, 2014 | Present | Son of Juan Carlos I |
See also
- List of spouses of the Spanish monarchs
Notes
- ↑ In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the applicant, Count of Barcelona , to take the throne, and subsequently provided for the transfer of the crown after his death to the son of the Count of Barcelona, Juan Carl.