Monument of Victory is a Moscow obelisk located on Victors Square in Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill . It was built in 1994-1995 according to the project of the sculptor Zurab Tsereteli with the assistance of architects Leonid Vavakin and Vladimir Budaev, it was opened on May 9, 1995 [1] . The monument is the highest monument in Russia [2] .
| Monument | |
| Victory Monument | |
|---|---|
 Victory Monument, 2013 | |
| A country |  Russia |
| City | Moscow , Poklonnaya Gora |
| Sculptor | Zurab Tsereteli |
| Architect | Leonid Vavakin , Vladimir Budaev |
| Established | |
| Building | 1994 - 1995 |
| Height | 141.8 m |
| Material | steel , bronze , concrete |
Content
Description
The thousand-ton trihedral obelisk symbolizes a soldier's bayonet rising 141.8 meters: every 10 centimeters of the monument symbolize one day of the war. At a height of 104 meters, a 25-ton bronze statue of the goddess of victory Nika is installed on the monument, holding a wreath in her hands and surrounded by figures of two angels with trumpets. At the base of the stele is also an equestrian statue of George the Victorious , which strikes with a spear a snake symbolizing fascism . The obelisk is decorated with gilded names of hero cities and bas-reliefs of the Battle of Stalingrad and Kursk and the Belarusian operation [3] .
History
The ideas to build a memorial complex in Moscow in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War were expressed as early as the mid 1940s [4] : the architect Sergey Nanushyan proposed building a Victory monument 50 meters high on Lobnoye , his colleague Leonid Pavlov developed a project of the Arch of Heroes on the site of the Historical the museum . These projects, however, were not supported by the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Joseph Stalin [5] . He returned to the idea of erecting a monument to the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1955 at the request of Marshal Georgy Zhukov [6] . On May 31, 1957, the Politburo adopted a decree on the construction of the Victory Monument in Moscow [7] , and on February 23 of the following year, on Soviet Army Day , a mortgage stone was erected on Poklonnaya Hill with the inscription: “A monument to the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War 1941 will be built here -1945 years ” [3] .
Competition for the best project of the monument was announced only in 1985, when the arrangement of Victory Park began. According to its results, it was supposed to build a monument designed by architects Lev Golubovsky, Yakov Belopolsky and sculptor Nikolai Tomsky . They proposed to abandon monumentality and create a realistic 72-meter red granite sculpture depicting Red Army soldiers holding a Victory Banner punched by bullets [8] . The composition was to be surrounded by two semi-arches with a bell supported on cables and cubic blocks from the numbers “1941-1945” [9] . However, the project was not implemented, since it significantly contradicted the ceremonial style of the memorials already erected in the city [10] .
They returned to the construction of the monument in 1993 without announcing an official competition of projects. The head was appointed the chief architect of Moscow Leonid Vavakin , his colleague Vladimir Budaev and sculptor Zurab Tsereteli [8] . The installation of the monument with the assistance of engineers B.V. Ostroumov, S.P. Murinov and S.S.Karmilov was carried out by the Mospromstroy company and the Melnikov Institute of building metal structures (TsNIIPSK). The monument, built in nine months, was inaugurated on May 9, 1995 in front of the Victory Museum [3] .
Design Features
The complex shape of the monument has aerodynamic instability. During the design process, the obelisk model was purged in the wind tunnel of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute , which made it possible to correct a number of aerodynamic shape parameters [2] .
The eight-meter supporting part of the monument is made in the form of two steel cylinders . It goes 3.7 meters underground, where it is attached to a concrete slab with a diameter of about forty meters. On the supporting part there is a supporting frame of the stele made of high-carbon steel grade 09G2U. Corrosion protection of metal structures was performed using gas thermal spraying according to the TsNIIPSK project [9] .
The monument is equipped with a system of dynamic vibration dampers, the main of which has a mass of 10 tons and is located behind the sculpture of the goddess Nika. Inside the hill on which the monument stands, there are service rooms in which a condition monitoring station is equipped. A service elevator is mounted in the stele, which rises 87 meters [3] .
In 2011, the obelisk was repaired and strengthened. Moscow Mayor's Office has allocated funds to protect the monument from resonant vibrations and corrosion , as well as the restoration of the monument. The total cost of repairs amounted to 5 million rubles [11] . As of 2016, the operation of the obelisk provides GBU "Gormost" [2] .
See also
- List of tallest statues in the world
Notes
- ↑ Vostryshev, Shokarev, 2011 , p. 597.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Under the wing of the goddess Niki: what hides the Victory Monument on Poklonnaya Hill . The official website of the Mayor of Moscow (November 27, 2016). Date of treatment January 10, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Memorial complex on Poklonnaya Hill . Official site of the Mospromstroy company (2009). Date of treatment January 10, 2019.
- ↑ Zhukova, 2017 , p. 82.
- ↑ Galina Tarakanova. Architectural designs of the times of the USSR. What Red Square might look like . Arguments and Facts (April 20, 2014). Date of treatment January 10, 2019.
- ↑ The untouchable reserve, 2015 , p. 203.
- ↑ The Great Patriotic War in modern socio-historical consciousness, 2016 , p. 22.
- ↑ 1 2 Olga Kabanova. Victory Monument was opened as they could . Kommersant (May 6, 1995). Date of treatment January 10, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Indomitable: the history and structure of the Victory Monument on Poklonnaya Hill . RIA Novosti (May 8, 2018). Date of treatment January 10, 2019.
- ↑ Yuri Sinyakov. Triumph on Poklonnaya . Moscow Truth (April 14, 2016). Date of treatment January 10, 2019.
- ↑ Goddess Nika on Poklonnaya Hill will be protected from corrosion and resonant vibrations . Interfax (August 19, 2011). Date of treatment January 10, 2019.
Literature
- The Great Patriotic War in modern socio-historical consciousness: historical memory, perception, perpetuation / ed. E.I. Pivovara. - M .: Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016 .-- 215 p. - ISBN 978-5-9902500-0-0 .
- Vostryshev M. I. , Shokarev S. Yu. All Moscow from A to Z. Encyclopedia . - M .: Algorithm, 2011 .-- 1064 p. - ISBN 978-5-4320-0001-9 .
- Zhukova A. Walking in Moscow . - M .: AST , 2017 .-- 128 p. - ISBN 978-5-17-102667-7 .
- Untouchable stock . - M .: New Literary Review , 2015.- T. 3 (101).
Links
- Official site of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War
- Photos of the memorial on the Venividi website
- stako.ru // The main monument of the Victory Monument on Poklonnaya Hill on the website of TsNIIPSK them. Melnikova
- The history of the obelisk on the channel "MIR 24"
- The plot of the restoration of the Victory Monument on the TV channel "Moscow 24"