A mud volcano is a geological formation, which is a hole or depression on the surface of the earth ( salsa ) or a cone-shaped elevation with a crater ( mud hill ), a macaluba , from which mud masses and gases, often accompanied by water and oil, erupt continuously or periodically onto the Earth's surface.
Content
Description
Volcanoes of this type are found mainly in oil and volcanic areas, often are fumaroles passing through layers of clay and volcanic ash . Gases emitted together with dirt can ignite spontaneously, forming torches.
Distributed in the basins of the Caspian ( Absheron peninsula and eastern Georgia ), the Black and Azov seas ( Taman and Kerch peninsulas ), in Europe ( Italy , Iceland ), in New Zealand and America. The mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan , located on Absheron, were named by CNN Travel portal one of the 50 natural wonders of the world. [one]
The largest mud volcanoes have a diameter of 10 km and a height of 700 m. When occurring in settled areas, they can significantly affect human activities, such as the mud volcano in Sidoarjo , which arose on the island of Java in 2006. Among the notable eruptions are the eruption of Gorelye Volcano (Taman Peninsula) in 1794, which was heard at a distance of up to 50 kilometers, the eruption of the mud volcano Lokbatan (Azerbaijan) in February 1935, as well as the eruption of the volcano Big Bozdag in 1902, which entailed human sacrifices [2] .
On the Taman Peninsula there are known volcanoes on the Miska and Rotten mountains in Temryuk , as well as a volcano near the village of Golubitskaya with healing mud . At Cape Pekla, 5 km from the coastal village of Kuchugury , the eponymous mud volcano is located. These volcanoes organize excursions from Anapa and other resorts.
Possible mud volcanoes have been discovered on Mars [3] [4] [5] .
See also
- Mud Volcano in Sidoarjo
- Mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan
Notes
- ↑ 50 natural wonders: The ultimate list (Eng.) , CNN Travel (12 July 2017). Date of treatment July 24, 2017.
- ↑ M. Balzamov. The namesake of volcanoes . Around the World Magazine (February 1960). Date of treatment March 25, 2014.
- ↑ A Volcano of Mud or Lava? NASA .
- ↑ Astronomy Picture of the Day , NASA .
- ↑ Paul Rincon . Mars domes may be 'mud volcanoes' , BBC .
Literature
- Mud volcanoes // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Kholodov V.N. About the nature of mud volcanoes // Nature: scientific journal. - Moscow, 2002. - No. 11 (1047) . - S. 47-58 .
- Kholodov V.N. Mud volcanoes: distribution and genesis // Geology and minerals of the oceans. - Issue No. 4. - 2012. - UDC: 55
- Shnyukov E.F., Maslakov N.A. Potential danger of mud volcanism for shipping // GPIMO. 2009. No2.
Links
- Mud volcanoes - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Dictionary of Natural Sciences
- Mud volcanoes of Crimea
- Mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan included in the list of “Seven Wonders of Nature”
- Virtual tour - Mud volcano Karabetova Sopka
- Mud volcanoes of Taman . Date of appeal September 14, 2017.