Deinococcus-Thermus (lat.) Is a small type of bacteria , the only class of which, Deinococci , includes two orders : Deinococcales , which includes one of the most radioresistant organisms in the world, Deinococcus radiodurans , and Thermales , which includes Thermus aquaticus , known for its Taq-polymerase , used in PCR , and other thermostable enzymes .
| Deinococcus-thermus | |||||
 Deinococcus radiodurans , representative of the order of Deinococcales | |||||
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Deinococcus-thermus | |||||
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The type got its name from the standard genera Deinococcus and Thermus [2] .
Cavalier -Smith calls this type Hadobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002 (from the word of Hades , Greek underworld) [3] .
Content
Description
All representatives of the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus have a cell wall characteristic of all gram-negative bacteria (although representatives of the genus Deinococcus stain positively according to the Gram method ) [4] . The representatives of the Deinococcales order in the outer membrane lack lipopolysaccharides ; they accumulate carotenoids , giving the cells a red color. The genome is represented by two multi-copy chromosomes . Representatives of Thermales in the shell have an S-layer and also accumulate carotenoids, due to which their cells often have a red or yellow color [5] .
Representatives of the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus are aerobes and chemo -organo - heterotrophs , are found everywhere (representatives of the order Thermales are found in hot springs). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Deinococcus-Thermus fila is one of the most archaic groups of bacteria [6] .
The basis for creating a taxon was the proximity of the 16S rRNA gene sequences [7] ; moreover, a comparison of the genomes of Deinococcus radiodurans and Thermus aquaticus also shows a certain level of homology . Apparently, both groups of bacteria in the course of evolution followed the same path to the acquisition of resistance to high temperatures [8] [9] . However, it is worth noting that, unlike Deinococcus , representatives of the genus Thermus do not differ in increased resistance to radiation [5] . The thermophilicity of Thermales is most likely due to special forms of DNA- dependent RNA polymerase and [10] , and special forms of ABC, DNA gyrase and RadA protein involved in repair contribute to the radioresistance of Deinococcus DNA [11] .
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic tree of the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum, reconstructed on the basis of the 16S rRNA sequences , is as follows [12] .
| Deinococci |
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Notes
- β Deinococcus-Thermus (English) on the website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (Checked December 13, 2018) .
- β Pinevich, 2006 , p. 100.
- β Cavalier-Smith T. Rooting (eng.) // Biology direct. - 2006. - Vol. 1. - P. 19. - DOI : 10.1186 / 1745-6150-1-19 . - PMID 16834776 .
- β Battista JR Against all survival strategies of Deinococcus radiodurans. (Eng.) // Annual Review Of Microbiology. - 1997. - Vol. 51 . - P. 203-224 . - DOI : 10.1146 / annurev.micro.51.1.203 . - PMID 9343349 .
- β 1 2 Pinevich, 2006 , p. 101.
- β Pinevich, 2006 , p. 100-101.
- β Weisburg WG , Giovannoni SJ , Woese CR The Deinococcus-Thermus phylum and the effect of rRNA composition on phylogenetic tree construction. (English) // Systematic And Applied Microbiology. - 1989. - Vol. 11 - P. 128-134 . - PMID 11542160 .
- β Omelchenko MV , Wolf YI , Gaidamakova EK , Matrosova VY , Vasilenko A. , Zhai M. , Daly MJ , Koonin EV , Makarova KS Comparative genome of Thermus thermophilus and Deinococcus radionurans. (English) // BMC evolutionary biology. - 2005. - Vol. 5. - P. 57. - DOI : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-5-57 . - PMID 16242020 .
- β Makarova KS , Aravind L. , Wolf YI , Tatusov RL , Minton KW , Koonin EV , Daly MJ Genome. (Eng.) // Microbiology and molecular biology reviews: MMBR. - 2001. - Vol. 65, no. 1 . - P. 44-79. - DOI : 10.1128 / MMBR.65.1.44-79.2001 . - PMID 11238985 .
- β Zhang G. , Campbell EA , Minakhin L. , Richter C. , Severinov K. , Darst SA Crystal structure of Thermus aquaticus core RNA polymerase at 3.3 A resolution. (English) // Cell. - 1999. - 17 September ( vol. 98 , no. 6 ). - P. 811-824 . - PMID 10499798 .
- Aka Tanaka M. , Earl AM , Howell HA , Park MJ , Eisen JA , Peterson SN , Battista JR Analysis of deinococcus radiodurans' transcriptional response and desiccation reveals. (English) // Genetics. - 2004. - September ( vol. 168 , no. 1 ). - P. 21β33 . - DOI : 10.1534 / genetics.104.029249 . - PMID 15454524 .
- β 16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 (full tree) . Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. The appeal date is March 20, 2016.
Literature
- Pinevich A.V. Microbiology. Biology of prokaryotes: in 3 tons. - SPb. : St. Petersburg University Press, 2006. - T. I. - 352 p. - ISBN 5-288-04057-5 .