Kryachkov, Andrei Dmitrievich

Andrei Kryachkov was born on November 24 ( December 6 ), 1876 , in the family of a peasant Dmitry Iosifovich Kryachkov in the small village of Vakhrevo ^{[sn 1] [sn 2] of the} Rostov district of the Yaroslavl province .

Having lost his father at the age of six, he was taken into the care of his grandfather, worked for him on a farm. In 1888 he graduated from a three-year school in the village of Ilyinsky in Belyni and in the same year he was sent by relatives to his uncle in Vyborg , who placed his nephew as a “boy” in the office of a tobacco factory. To prepare for the “clerical work” in 1890, Andrei was assigned to the Vyborg Real School , where, among other subjects, he studied Swedish and Finnish , to which he showed abilities; in September 1896 received a certificate of graduation.

In 1897 he entered the Institute of Civil Engineers of Emperor Nicholas I. During the training, he completed practical training in the Volga region , Crimea , Vyborg and Transcaucasia ( Kars , Tiflis ), served in the St. Petersburg city government, worked as an assistant to architects N. V. Dmitriev and F. S. Kharlamov ; in the last three courses he received a “state scholarship”, as a result of which he had to serve three years at one of the provincial Construction Departments after graduation. He graduated from PIGI in 1902 in I category with the assignment of the rank of civil engineer and production as a college secretary with seniority ^{[4] [7] [8]} .

Of the 69 vacancies offered by the institute, Kryachkov chose the Construction Department of the Tomsk Provincial Government, where he entered in September 1902 as a junior engineer; in the same year, he temporarily acted as provincial architect. He served as a junior engineer until November 1905, was involved in the preparation of various estimates and projects, overseeing the construction and repair of public buildings. In 1903, the Council of the Tomsk Technological Institute elected Kryachkov a teacher of architectural design and drawing at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. In 1903-1905 he worked as an assistant to the architect of the West Siberian educational district F. F. Guta , was a member of the Committee for the Construction of Buildings of the Tomsk Technological Institute ^{[7] [9] [3]} .

In November 1905, after the departure of F.F. Gut to Vladikavkaz , he was appointed an architect of the West Siberian educational district and, at the same time, an architect of Tomsk University and Tomsk Technological Institute; He served as the architect of the university and institute until May 1911. He supervised the construction of some unfinished buildings by Gut (hospital clinics, anatomical and bacteriological institutes, second-stage buildings for a technological institute, etc.) ^{[7] [9]} .

Then, he simultaneously worked as an architect at Tomsk University (November 1905 - May 1911), the West Siberian School District (November 1905-1917), Tomsk Technological Institute (November 1905 - May 1910, January 1914 - September 1919). In 1907, the Institute was sent on a six-month foreign business trip, visited Germany, France and Italy ^[10] .

February 29, 1916 he was promoted to court adviser for his long service.

In 1920, he was elected professor.

In 1924-1928 he worked in the construction commission of the Sibrevkom , in 1930-1936 - in the Sibraya executive committee, combining this work with teaching at the Tomsk Technological Institute, and then at the Siberian Construction Institute (in Novosibirsk ).

In 1926, he was a delegate to the All-Union Congress on Civil and Engineering Construction.

Since 1934 - head of the Novosibirsk branch of the Union of Architects of the USSR .

In 1937, Kryachkov’s projects (House of Soviets in Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk, Stock Apartment Building in Novosibirsk) were presented at the World Exhibition in Paris and were awarded the Grand Prix and Gold Medal ^[12] .

Andrei Dmitrievich Kryachkov died on August 25, 1950 , while on vacation in Sochi. He was buried in Sochi ^{[13] [14]} , the grave is considered lost ^[15] .

Known addresses

• Tomsk - Kirova Avenue , d. 7 (own house);
• Novosibirsk - Leningradskaya street , 111 ("Professor's house" of the University of NGASU (Sibstrin)).

In Tomsk

• The project of the trading baths of A. Lopukhova (1905), not implemented;
• Completion of buildings of the bacteriological and anatomical institutes of Tomsk University, according to the designs of F. F. Guta ^[9] ;
• The audience of the hygienic corps of Tomsk University (1907) ^[9] ;
• The bridge across the river. Medicu (Elanka) (1909, University Grove ) ^{[9] [16]} ;
• Faculty clinics of children's, nervous and eye diseases of Tomsk University (1909; 1914-1916, Moscow Tract , 2a), construction and partial change of the project was carried out by Ya. Y. Rodyukov ^{[9] [17]} ;
• Own house (1909-1910, Kirova avenue , 7) ^[17] ;
• House of Science named after P.I. Makushin (1911-1912, Salt Square , 4), construction was carried out by T. L. Fishel and A. I. Langer ,   monument of architecture (federal) ^{[18] [17]} ;
• The University Library , together with L. P. Shishko (1912-1914, Lenin Avenue , 34a) ^{[9] [17]} ;
• Expansion of the building of the Polytechnic (formerly commercial) school (1913-1914);
• Extension of the operating room to hospital clinics (1914);
• Warehouse of the trading house " V. A. Gorokhov " (1914, Embankment of the Tom River , 27) ^[17]   monument of architecture (federal) .

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  Warehouse of the trading house “V. A. Gorokhov »

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  Own house Kryachkova

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  Bridge in the University Grove

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  House of Science

In Novonikolaevsk-Novosibirsk

• 12 buildings of elementary schools, together with K. M. Lukashevsky (1910-1912: Krasnoyarskaya street, 117; Lenin street , 22 (now the Novosibirsk Regional Puppet Theater ); 34 Shamshinykh street, 34 / Yadrintsevskaya street , 66; 54 Siberian street ; Sovetskaya street , 93; street Yakusheva, 21; street Oktyabrskaya , 5; street Bolshevistskaya, 45 (now - the drama theater " Old House "); street Serebrennikovskaya, 10 (now - School number 12 ); street 1905 , 22);
• City Trade Corps (1909-1912, 23 Krasny Prospekt ), now the Novosibirsk State Museum of Local Lore ^[19] ;
• The real school named after the House of Romanovs (1911-1912, Krasny prospekt, 3), in 1928-1932, floors 3 and 4 were built according to the project of architects K. E. Osipov , A. I. Bobrov ^[20] , now the city children's emergency hospital ;
• The commercial meeting, together with K. M. Lukashevsky (1911-1914, Lenin Street , 19), since 1932 - the Red Torch Theater . In 1935-1937 it was reconstructed by architects N. I. Bolotin, B. A. Gordeev , K. E. Osipov ; in 1952 - reconstructed by K. E. Osipov; restored in the 1990s by A. Z. Gaidukov ^[21] ;
• Chapel in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (1914, Red Avenue, 17a). Demolished in 1930; restored in 1993 according to the author’s project of P. A. Chernobrovtsev ; painting - 1993-1999, artist A. S. Chernobrovtsev ) ^[22] ;
• The trading building of the Bogorodsk-Glukhov manufactory (1914-1916, 33 Sovetskaya Street ), since 1922 - the General Post Office. In 1927-1933, reconstructed and built up to 4 floors ^[23] ;
• House of Disabled Persons of Siberia (House of Officers) (1915-1917, 63 Red Avenue). Kryachkov built two floors, then the construction is frozen. In 1925-1928 it was completed by B. M. Blazhovsky; an extension on Gogol Street - 1943-1944, architect P. I. Safonov; reconstructed in 1974 ^[24] ;
• Cinema “First Goskino” (“Sovkino”) (1924, Krasny prospekt, 15), demolished in the late 1960s ^[25] ;
• Sibdalgostorg (1923-1924, 31 Sovetskaya Street). In 1967, it was completed up to 4 floors, side extensions were made according to the project of G.P. Zilberman. At present - Novosibirsk State Conservatory named after M.I. Glinka ^[26] ;
• " Siberian Compound " - the building of state institutions of Siberia (1923-1924, 39 Krasny prospekt). It was built up to 5 floors in 1935-1937 under the Planning Institute according to the project of S. M. Ignatovich, currently - Novosibirsk State Academy of Architecture and Art ^[27] ;
• Sibrevkom (1925-1926, Red Avenue, 5). Annex on the street Sverdlova - S.P. Skoblikov, V.I. Nuzhdin, 1950s. Currently - Novosibirsk State Art Museum ^[28]   monument of architecture (federal) ^[29] ;
• Tekstilsindikat (1926, the building was built up to 4 floors in 1930, Sovetskaya Street , 18);
• Sibkraisoyuz (1926, Krasny prospekt, 29) ^[30] ;
• Residential building of employees of the State Bank (1926-1928, 15 Uritsky Street ), built up to 5 floors in 1932-1935 ^[31] ;
• Agricultural College (1927, since 1941 the building is occupied by a refinery );
• The design of the building of the First Clinic (1927), not implemented ^[32] ;
• The project of the building of the District Hospital (1927), not implemented ^[33] ;
• The building of the State Bank , on the basis of the planning scheme of M. Ya. Ginzburg (1929-1930, 27 Krasny prospekt) ^[34] ;
• Regional Executive Committee (1930-1932). According to the design of Kryachkov, the building was laid and erected to the first floor; completed with the change of design and facades by architects B. A. Gordeev , S. P. Turgenev, designers N. V. Nikitin , I. V. Kositsin. Currently - the regional government ^[35] ;
• Competitive project of the House of Science and Culture (1930), not implemented ^[36] ;
• Competitive project of a housing complex for art workers (1930s), not implemented ^[37] ;
• "The apartment building of the workers of the regional executive committee ", together with V. S. Maslennikov ) (1934-1937, 16 Krasny prospekt) ^[12]   monument of architecture (federal) ^[29] ;
• Reconstruction of the feldsher-midwife school under the building of the West Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences , together with N. G. Vasiliev (1943-1947, 11 Frunze Street ) ^[38] . At present - Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS .

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  The building of the primary school on Bolshevik street

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  Chapel in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (author's reconstruction)

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  The building of the regional executive committee

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  Sibdalgostorg building

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  Apartment house

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  Commercial Building

In other cities

• Competitive design of the building of the Merchants Assembly in Moscow (1905), not implemented (2nd prize). Among the other award-winning projects was used by I. A. Ivanov-Shitsem during the construction of the building in 1907-1909 (Moscow, Malaya Dmitrovka , 6);
• The competitive project of the historical museum in St. Petersburg , together with V.F. Orzheshko (1908), has not been implemented (4th prize);
• The competitive project of the theater in Yaroslavl , together with V.F. Orzheshko (1908), has not been implemented (3rd prize);
• City Trade Building (1909-1912, Omsk , Lenin Street , 3), now - Omsk Regional Museum of Fine Arts. M. A. Vrubel ^{[39] [40]} ;
• School of Mechanics and Technology (1912, Omsk, Moskovskaya Street) ^[40] ;
• House of the Tver Manufactory (1912, Omsk) ^[40] ;
• Competitive project of the House of Soviets in Verkhneudinsk (1927), not implemented (3rd prize);
• Labor Palace (1927, Kemerovo , ulitsa Karbolitovskaya, 11);   monument of architecture (federal) ^[29] ;
• The building of the House of Soviets (1936-1956, Krasnoyarsk , Prospekt Mira , 110), the implementation is markedly different from the original project.

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  City Trade Building in Omsk

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  House of Soviets in Krasnoyarsk

• Kryachkov A.D. Buildings and structures of the Tomsk Technological Institute // Bulletin of the Tomsk Technological Institute. - Tomsk, 1909.
• Kryachkov A. D. On the question of the arrangement of bases on soft soil. Case study // Journal of the Society of Siberian Engineers. - Tomsk, 1914. - No. 3, 4 .
• Kryachkov AD On the issue of mixed systems of hanging rafters // Bulletin of the Tomsk Technological Institute [Bulletin of the TTI]. - 1918-1919. - T. 41 , no. 3 . - S. 1-15 .
• Kryachkov AD On the problems of the study of art in Siberia // Proceedings of the Congress on the organization of the Institute for the Study of Siberia. - Tomsk, 1919.
• Kryakov A. D. Materials on the history of Russian architecture in Siberia (Typewriting). - Tomsk, 1920.
• Kryakov A.D. Siberian Regional Union of Cooperatives. General buildings. Plans and estimates .. - Novosibirsk, 1927.
• Kryachkov A.D. Evolution and achievements in civilian railway construction // Tomsk Technological Institute 1900-1925 (Anniversary collection). - Tomsk, 1928.
• Kryachkov A.D. Competition of projects of the Siberian regional office of the state bank in Novosibirsk // Construction industry. - 1929. - No. 4 .
• Kryakov A.D. Baths and baths. Design. Calculation .. - Tomsk: KUBUCH, 1932. - 399 p.
• Kryachkov A. D. Materials on the history of industrial architecture in Siberia (XVIII — XIX centuries) // Transactions of Novosibirsk Engineering and Construction Institute named after V.V. Kuybysheva. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Regional Publishing House, 1937. - No. 1 .
• Kryachkov A. D. A brief outline of the emergence of the Novosibirsk Civil Engineering Institute // Proceedings of the Novosibirsk Civil Engineering Institute. V.V. Kuybysheva. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Regional Publishing House, 1937. - No. 1 .
• Kryakov A. D. Influence of climate and nature on construction and architecture in Siberia (Typewriting). - Novosibirsk, 1945.
• Kryakov A.D. Architecture of Siberian cities (Typewriting). - Tobolsk, 1947 .-- T. 1.
• Kryachkov A. D. The influence of climate on the construction and architecture of Siberia // Transactions of Novosibirsk Engineering and Construction Institute. V.V. Kuybysheva. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Regional Publishing House, 1951. - T. 2 .
• Kryachkov A. D. Architecture of Novosibirsk for 50 years // Yearbook of the Novosibirsk branch of the Union of Soviet Architects. - Novosibirsk, 1951.

• Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree (1916) ^[7] ;
• Order of St. Stanislav 3rd degree (1909) ^[7] ;
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (03/10/1947) ^[41] ;
• Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1949) ^[41] ;
• Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1944) ^[41] .
• Certificate “To the best drummer” (April 29, 1939)
• Badge "Excellent student of the socialist competition of the People's Commissariat of Construction" (1940)

September 12, 1907 in Moscow, Andrei Dmitrievich married Lyubov Vladimirovna Karpinskaya, from a family of mining engineers and geologists. In 1908, the son of Vsevolod was born into the family, in 1909 - son Andrei, in 1911 - daughter Tatyana. Subsequently, they all became civil engineers.

In November 2006, the State Architectural Art Museum hosted the exhibition “The World of Architect A. D. Kryachkov”, dedicated to the 130th anniversary of his birth. Suggestions were made to rename Sverdlov Square to Kryachkov Square.

On June 28, 2008, a monument to Kryachkov (sculptor A. Grigoryan, artist Yu. Burika, architect A. Kovalenko) was unveiled in front of the Apartment Building on Sverdlov Square, and in 2016 the square where the monument is located was named after A. D. Kryachkov ^[42] .

At the end of November 2011, in honor of the 135th anniversary of the birth, a memorial plaque with the inscription “Professor Andrei Kryachkov (1876-1950) was erected on the building of the National State Agricultural Academy. Founder of architectural education in Siberia. "

Footnotes

Sources

• Balandin S.N. Siberian Architect: Documentary. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk book. Publishing House, 1991 .-- 159 p.
• Balandin S.N. A. D. Kryachkov // Architecture and Construction. - 2009. - No. 10 . - S. 26-29 .
• House of Science P.I. Makushina / Volume. reg. univers. scientific bk them. A.S. Pushkin, ed. K.N. Shirko // Monuments of history and architecture of federal significance of the city of Tomsk. - Tomsk, 2004.
• Zalesov V. Glory, University, Majestically High! // Siberian antiquity: local history specialist. alm. - 1993. - No. 4 . - S. 20-22 .
• Zalesov V.G. Kryachkov A.D. // Monuments of history and architecture of federal significance of the city of Tomsk / Tom. reg. univers. scientific bk them. A.S. Pushkin. - Tomsk, 2004.
• The building of the Scientific Library of Tomsk State University / Tom. reg. univers. scientific bk them. A.S. Pushkin, ed. V. G. Zalesov // Monuments of history and architecture of federal significance of the city of Tomsk. - Tomsk, 2004.
• Nevzgodin I.V. Architecture of Novosibirsk. - Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2005 .-- 204 p. - ISBN 5-7692-0736-1 .
• Sandrik O. Architects of Tomsk and provinces: Andrei Dmitrievich Kryachkov // Tomsk magazine. - Tomsk, 2004. - No. 2 . - S. 6-7 .
• Zalesov V.G. Architects of Tomsk (XIX - early XX centuries) . - Tomsk: Tomsk Publishing House. state architect build University, 2004 .-- 170 s. + 40 ill. with. - ISBN 5-93057-115-5 .
• Gerasimov A.P. Architect A. D. Kryachkov in Tomsk // Annual report of the club of local historians "Old Tomsk". - Tomsk: Tomsk Regional Scientific Library named after A.S. Pushkin, 2002 .-- S. 15-16 .
• Kryachkov, Andrei Dmitrievich // Tomsk from A to Z: A Brief Encyclopedia of the City. / Ed. Dr. East. Sciences N. M. Dmitrienko . - 1st ed. - Tomsk: NTL Publishing House, 2004 .-- S. 175. - 440 p. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89503-211-7 .
• Gerasimov A. Siberian architect // Tomsk Polytechnic .. - 1997. - Issue. 3 . - S. 81-84 .

• A. D. Kryachkov. Siberian architect (neopr.) . The architecture of Novosibirsk. Date of treatment October 8, 2012. Archived October 19, 2012.