Malus Law

The Malus Law is a physical law expressing the dependence of the intensity of linearly polarized light after its passage through a polarizer on the angle $\varphi$ ${\ displaystyle \ varphi}$ $\ varphi$ between the planes of polarization of the incident light and the polarizer. Says that the intensity of plane-polarized light as a result of passing a plane-polarizing filter decreases in proportion to the square of the cosine of the angle between the polarization planes of the incoming light and the filter.

I=I_{0}\cos ^{2}\varphi \;

{\ displaystyle I = I_ {0} \ cos ^ {2} \ varphi \;}

{\ displaystyle I = I_ {0} \ cos ^ {2} \ varphi \;}

Where $I_{0}$ ${\ displaystyle I_ {0}}$ $I _ {{0}}$ - the intensity of the light incident on the polarizer, $I$ ${\ displaystyle I}$ $I$ - the intensity of the light coming out of the polarizer.

Installed by E. L. Malus in 1810 .

In relativistic form

I={\frac {I_{0}}{4}}\cdot \left({\frac {\omega ^{\prime }}{\omega }}\right)^{2}\cdot \left({\frac {\omega }{\omega ^{\prime }}}+{\frac {\omega ^{\prime }}{\omega }}-2+4\cos ^{2}\varphi \right)

Where $\omega$ ${\ displaystyle \ omega}$ $\ omega$ and $\omega ^{\prime }$ ${\ displaystyle \ omega ^ {\ prime}}$ ${\ displaystyle \ omega ^ {\ prime}}$ - cyclic frequencies of linearly polarized waves, incident on the polarizer and out of it.

Light with a different (non-linear) polarization can be represented as the sum of two linearly polarized components, to each of which the Malus law applies. According to the Malus law, the intensities of transmitted light are calculated in all polarization devices, for example, in polarization photometers and spectrophotometers . Reflection losses dependent on $\varphi$ ${\ displaystyle \ varphi}$ $\ varphi$ and not taken into account by the Malus law, are determined additionally

Literature

Yavorsky B.M., Detlaf A.A. Analysis of polarized light. Elliptic and circular polarization of light // Physics Handbook. - 4th ed. - M .: Science , 1968. - p. 664-665. - 940 s.

Berestetsky V. B. , Lifshits E. M. , Pitaevsky L. P. Quantum Electrodynamics. - 3rd ed. - M .: Science , 1989. - T. IV. - 728 s. - (Theoretical physics in 10 tons). - ISBN 5-02-014422-3 . ^{[ clarify ]}
Hamilton W.R. Selected Works: Optics, Dynamics, Quaternions. - M .: Science, 1994. - 560 p.

Malus Law

Literature

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