The province of Caltanissetta ( Italian: Provincia di Caltanissetta , pos. Pruvincia di Nissa ) is a province of the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy with a population of 271,838 people [1] (as of October 30, 2012). The province is 2 124 km² and is divided into 22 communes . The capital is the city of Caltanissetta .
| Province of Caltanissetta ital. ital. Provincia di Caltanissetta sits. Pruvincia di nissa | |
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| Scope : | Sicily |
| Capital: | Caltanissetta |
| Square: | 2 124 km² |
| Population: | 271 838 people (2012) |
| Density: | 127.95 people / km² |
| Communes : | 22 |
| Mail indices: | 93100, 93010-93020 |
| Tel codes: | 0934, 0933, 0922 |
| ISTAT Code: | 085 |
| Chapter: | Raffaele Siriko (2013) |
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| Official site | |
It borders in the north with the province of Palermo , in the east with the provinces of Enna , Catania and Ragusa , in the west with the province of Agrigento . The province includes an exclave - the commune of Rezuttano .
Geography
In the province, there are two geographical areas that differ in morphological and climatic characteristics: northern and southern. For the northern region with highlands are characterized by wide valleys - wadduna (sits . Vadduna ) and deep ravines, sudden cliffs and terraces at higher or lower altitudes. Local relief is the main reason for the emergence of relatively small and sparsely populated centers, with the exception of the capital, the cities of San Cataldo and Mussomeli . This part of the province has very low air pollution. The southern region is characterized by hilly terrain with smooth slopes to the , which extends to the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Here, the highest population density in the province and the largest settlement is the city of Jela .
Hilly terrain prevails throughout the province, not exceeding 500 meters above sea level. An exception is the area of the Jela Plain, which is bounded by a mountain range and stretches along the coast of the . On the border with the province of Palermo there are several peaks almost 900 meters high - Monte San Vito (888 meters), Monte San Paolino (813 meters), Montagnola (877 meters), Monte Mimiani (855 meters), Monte delle Rocque (832 meters), Monte Fagaria (813 meters) and Monte Matarazzo (825 meters).
The Salso River (144 km) used to be navigable and was the main waterway of the province, through which the Dirillo (54 km), (17 km) and Jela (74 km) rivers also flow. All reservoirs in the province are of artificial origin, except for the coastal swamp of Biviera di Gela and Lake Sfondato, formed in 1907 due to groundwater. This lake with a perimeter of 219 meters and a depth of 13.5 meters is located east of Monte Mimiani at an altitude of 370 meters above sea level. The and reservoirs are formed by dams and store water supplies for the needs of the province, often suffering from prolonged droughts.
In the province there are reserves: , , , , , Lago Soprano, Monte Conca.
The northern part of the province is characterized by rather low average temperatures throughout the year than throughout the rest of the island. Caltanissetta is the Sicilian capital of the winds right after Enna. Fog and, more rarely, hail and snow characterize a short, frosty winter. The lowest temperature during the year reaches 0-3 ° C in the winter and 15-20 ° C in the summer. The highest temperature reaches 40-45 ° C in the summer, but due to the constant wind there is no humidity.
The continental climate in the north of the province turns into a hot humid climate in its southern part, where the temperature is high throughout the year. The average values here are 25 ° C in summer and 10 ° C in winter. A significant difference between the north and south of the province is observed in the amount of precipitation: from 700 mm per year in the northern part (500 mm in the capital) to 400 mm per year in the southern part, which often suffers from prolonged droughts. Fogs are also common here.
History
The oldest known population in the province of Caltanissetta were the Sicans , who occupied the northern (mountainous) part of it, and the Siculs , who occupied the southern (coastal) part of the province. From the 7th century BC, colonies of ancient Greeks appeared on the local coast. Further, this territory, along with the entire island, was alternately owned by Carthage, Ancient Rome, Byzantium, the Arab Caliphate and, finally, the independent great county, and then the kingdom of Sicily .
The province of Caltanissetta was founded in 1816. During the reign of the Bourbon-Sicilian dynasty, its history was closely connected with the development of sulfur deposits, which were mined in mines by almost the entire local adult population, and even children.
After the conquest of the kingdom of Sicily by the kingdom of Sardinia and the incorporation of its territory into the united kingdom of Italy , in 1876-1878, a railway was laid in the province of - the and branches .
In 1926, 50% of the province went to the newly formed provinces of Enna (40%) and Ragusa (10%). With the consolidation of the special autonomous status of the Sicily region in the Italian constitution in 1946, the province was abolished and was restored only in 1963. Since 1986, it has had the status of a regional province. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Economics
Culture
Notes
- ↑ Dato Istat - Popolazione residente al 30 ottobre 2012 (Italian) . ISTAT . Demo.istat.it.
- ↑ According to the law of March 12, 2014 adopted by the Regional Assembly of Sicily, all nine regional provinces of the island were abolished, and instead it was decided to create nine consortia of free communes and three urban areas.
- ↑ Le funzioni delle Province Regionali siciliane (Italian) . Unione Regionale Province Siciliani.
- ↑ Leggi e decreti presidenziali (Italian) . Unione Regionale Province Siciliani.
- ↑ Cosa cambia con i Liberi Consorzi Comunali (Italian) . Ansa.it.
Links
- Provincia di Caltanissetta (Italian) . Open Directory Project.