Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeevich

The first nine years of his life he spent in the village of Znamenskoye-Aksakovo . In 1826 , following his father, he moved with his family to Moscow. In the early 1830s he was brought up in the boarding house of M.P. Pogodin . According to the memoirs of D. A. Milyutin , "already at that time in 1831 he stood out for his talents, curiosity, and serious pursuits." In 1832, at the age of 15, he became a student in the verbal department of Moscow University , where professors Pavlov , Nadezhdin , Pobedonostsev taught. In 1835 he received a candidate’s diploma.

Studying at the university, together with Belinsky and Bodyanskiy , became a member of the Stankevich circle. At this time, he was fond of German classical philosophy (primarily Hegel ), the influence of which was felt for a long time in his works, even in the master's work of 1846 . In 1837 , in connection with the departure of N. V. Stankevich abroad, the circle broke up and Aksakov became close to a group of Slavophiles : A. S. Khomyakov , I. V. Kireevsky , and Yu. F. Samarin . In 1838 he traveled abroad, from where he returned five months later.

KS Aksakov’s early poems at that time already appeared on the pages of Telescope , Rumors , Moscow Observer , and Domestic Notes , often under the pseudonym K. Euripidine. " The poems were followed by dramatic works: the drama “The Liberation of Moscow in 1612”, the comedy “Prince Lupovitsky”, the vaudeville “Postal Carriage”, and the parody “Oleg near Constantinople”. In 1842, K. S. Aksakov spoke out in a critical field with an article printed in a separate brochure: “A few words about Gogol’s poem: Chichikov’s Adventures or Dead Souls ”. In No. 9 of Moskvityan magazine, he answered the analysis of this work done by Belinsky. In the “Moscow Collection” of 1846, his three critical articles were published (signed by “Imrek”): About the collection of gr. Solloguba "Yesterday and Today"; About the book of prof. Nikitenko “Experience of the History of Russian. letter. "; "On the Petersburg collection" by Nekrasov. And in subsequent editions of this collection (in 1847 and 1852), he continued to place his literary and historical articles. Among the historical articles, Aksakov’s reviews on the 1st, 6th, 7th and 8th volumes of Solovyov ’s History of Russia, On the Ancient Life of the Slavs in General and the Russians in Particular (1852), A Brief Historical Profile of Zemsky Sobors, On State of the Peasants in ancient Russia "," Concerning the Belevsky Vivliofika, published by N. A. Elagin "and others.

In 1846, his study " Lomonosov in the History of Russian Literature and the Russian Language" was published, which brought him a master's degree in Russian literature. The dissertation was ready much earlier, but censorship required a number of changes and a reprint of the book. After defending his master's thesis, K. S. Aksakov intended to start teaching, but there were no vacancies at Moscow University, and Aksakov devoted himself to literary creation and journalism. He collaborated in the magazines Moskvityanin and Russian Conversation ; In Russian Conversation, he was one of the most active employees. Since 1857 he was the actual editor of the newspaper " Molva ".

In 1848, he wrote a letter to Nicholas I calling for an end to Westernism, which was regarded by many as an “impermissible act” and “denunciation”. In liberal and democratic circles, he was obstructed and nicknamed the "scammer."

In 1855, he wrote memoirs “Memoirs of the students of 1832-1835” (published with notes in 1862). In 1858, he was elected a full member of the Society of Amateurs of Russian Literature .

His father's death had a detrimental effect on his health: pulmonary consumption took his life on the ionic island of Zante (Zakynthos) on December 7, 1860 . He was buried in the Moscow Simon Monastery .

The complete collected works begun in Moscow by I. S. Aksakov remained unfinished; only three volumes were published: the first volume, which included 27 articles on Russian history, most of which were not published during the author’s lifetime, appeared in 1861 , the second in 1875, and finally the third in 1880 . The 2nd and 3rd volumes included philological essays, and the entire third volume was devoted to “The Experience of Russian Grammar”.

In the work “On the Internal State of Russia” (1855), Aksakov argued that the Russians are a “non-state people”, in the sense of: not seeking participation in government, and therefore alien to the revolutionary and constitutional principles; Even before the adoption of Christianity, communities were the basis of the life of the Russian people; the state element appeared later as a result of foreign influence. Aksakov resolutely contrasts the state ( sovereign ) with the public ( zemsky ), by the latter we mean spiritual and moral activity, while the state is “primarily a military matter”, the meaning of which is “protecting and protecting the life of the people”. The Russian state is essentially a monarchy , for the strictest discipline and unity of command in military affairs are balanced by the independence of conscience and thought in public affairs. However, this harmony of state and land was violated by Peter I , in which the government was isolated from the people; the state began to intervene in the affairs of the land, from a minister of the people it turned into an idol , requiring unquestioning obedience in everything. So in Russia appeared "internal ulcers": a split , serfdom and bribery .

In the work "On the Russian View" (1856), he distinguishes between the universal and the national, proclaiming his adherence to the ideas of the Slavophiles. “The activities of the people,” wrote Aksakov, “as human activities, should be independent.” Here he strongly criticizes the attempts to identify the European with the universal, which is expressed in fashion in clothing, language and literature. The essence of this fashion is slave borrowing.

• Trubachev S. Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Aksakov // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Aksakov K.S. / V.V. Serbinenko // New Philosophical Encyclopedia : in 4 volumes / before. scientific ed. Council V. S. Styopin . - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Thought , 2010 .-- 2816 p.
• A dictionary of members of the Society of Amateurs of Russian Literature at Moscow University . - M .: Pechatnya A. Snegireva, 1911. - S. 4-6. .
• Kuleshov A.S. Naumov O.N. Aksakov. Generational painting . - M .: "Territory", 2009.
• Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeevich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : in 66 volumes (65 volumes and 1 additional) / Ch. ed. O. Yu. Schmidt . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1926-1947.
• Ospovat A.L. Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich // Russian writers 1800-1917. Biographical Dictionary / P.A. Nikolaev (Ch. Ed.). - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1989. - T. 1: A — D. - S. 32-34.

• Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeyevich in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeevich - Biography. Bibliography. Statements
• Biography of Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov (inaccessible link) (inaccessible link from 19-10-2015 [1465 days])
• The works of K. S. Aksakov