Alekseevsky, Alexander Nikolaevich

Early years. Teacher

Alexander Alekseevsky was born on November 24, 1878 in the family of an honorary citizen Nikolai Alekseevsky. In 1903, Alexander graduated from the St. Petersburg Theological Academy and received a church degree of candidate of theology . During his stay in St. Petersburg, Alekseevsky was on friendly terms with the priest George Gapon ^[1] .

From August 16, 1903 to 1906, Alexander Alekseevsky was a teacher at the Blagoveshchensk Theological Seminary , where he taught courses in logic , psychology , elementary foundations, as well as a brief history of philosophy and didactics . Since December 2, 1903 he was also considered the law teacher of the exemplary school at the seminary. Since September 1, 1904, Alekseevsky was a teacher of didactics at the local women's diocesan school ^[2] . He was dismissed from the seminary "for the harmful direction of his activities" ^[1] .

According to a slightly different version, during this period Alekseevsky taught philosophy and the history of Russian literature in secondary schools in Blagoveshchensk ^[3] .

1905. The Revolution and the First Emigration

During the First Russian Revolution, Alexander Alekseevsky was an active member of the Amur group of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (1905-1907): he personally participated in the seizure of the Annunciation mail and telegraph ^[2] . He was under police surveillance in 1905 as a Socialist Revolutionary ^[1] . Then he joined the Union of Progressive Groups (1905-1906), which included representatives from parties of the Social Democrats , Socialist-Revolutionaries and Liberals : he became the organizer of the Union of Amur Progressive Groups ^[4] . After this, Alekseevsky was arrested, but in August 1907 he escaped from prison in Blagoveshchensk ^[1] .

From 1907 to 1917, Alekseevsky was in exile : first in Japan ( Nagasaki ), then in Belgium ( Brussels ), and finally in France ( Paris ). In 1908, it was published in the Amur Region newspaper ^{[2] [5]} .

1917. Head of Blagoveshchensk and Amur Region

After returning to Russia in 1917, Alekseevsky was elected the mayor of Blagoveshchensk and the regional commissar of the Amur Region ^[1] ; he also becomes a member of the Khabarovsk Food Committee ^[4] . In December, he was elected a delegate to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly from the Amur District according to list No. 7 (Socialist-Revolutionaries) ^[1] .

During this period, Alekseevsky, as the plenipotentiary of the Provisional Government, issued paper bonds of ruble denomination (the so-called “Alekseevsky rubles”) in the city and the region ^[4] , and also, after the arrival of the Japanese , temporary Japanese banknotes the rate of five rubles for one yen ^[6] .

After the October Revolution in Blagoveshchensk, at a meeting of the Cossack military authorities, the City Duma and the right-wing parties, a regional Committee of Public Order (CPC) was created of three people: Ataman I. M. Gamov (future leader of the Gamov rebellion ), Commissioner of the Amur Region N. G. Kozhevnikov and the mayor A.N. Alekseevsky. This triumvirate declared himself the supreme authority in the Amur Region ^[7] .

Alekseevsky was considered by the Bolsheviks as one of the organizers of the counter - revolution ^[7] . In 1918, on his return from Petrograd , Alekseevsky was arrested by the Annunciation Council and imprisoned in a local prison ^{[1] [2]} .

After the first fall of Soviet power in the Amur region, Alexander Alekseevsky headed the Amur Regional Government - was the head of the Provisional Government of the Amur Region, based on parts of Japanese interventionists ^[1] . At the same time, the departments of justice, security, communications, foreign and finance were transferred directly to the chairman of the government ^[6] .

Then he sent a telegram to the mining organizations, where he ordered all the mines nationalized by the Soviets to be returned to their former owners. In the public safety committees, he forbade the inclusion of "persons who compromised themselves with activities in Soviet organizations." On October 9, 1918, by order of Chairman Alekseevsky, “all that arose during the Soviet period: city, rural municipality , village , village councils, land and food committees, commissariats and other bodies” were abolished ^[4] .

The “Provisional Amur Government” (VAP) of Alekseevsky announced the non-recognition of the Brest Peace , the resumption of war with Germany, and the annulment of all decrees of Soviet power . In order to neutralize possible actions in the field of military aviation, it decided to take away all military and hunting weapons from the population ^[6] .

At that time, Alekseevsky opposed the entry of the Far Eastern Territory into the Siberian Republic (for which he was considered an “Amur separatist ” in the right circles of Siberia ^[1] ): as a result, the Amur Republic was a de facto independent state. The head of the government of the Siberian Republic, Peter Vologodsky , who opposed the creation of any special government in the Far East, tried to break and subordinate the leadership of the Amur Region ^[1] with the help of the blockade : it was proposed to take “the land by starvation” ^[6] .

On October 12, 1918, A.N. Alekseevsky made an explanation of government policy on the 5th Army Circle of the Amur Cossack Army . He said that all the efforts of the VAP will be aimed at improving the economic and financial situation of the region, reviving all sectors of the national economy . The government also intended to convene the Amur Constituent Assembly in early December 1918: this meeting, according to the initiators, was supposed to solve the most important issues of life in the region ^[6] .

Kolchak: Head of the Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry

Initially, Alekseevsky welcomed the rise to power as a result of the “ Omsk coup ” by Admiral Kolchak ^[5] . During the period of Kolchak’s directory, Alekseevsky initiated the special arrangement of the Far Eastern Territory in future Russia, considering it impossible to unite Siberia and the Far East in the administrative-territorial relation: “The Far East is part of Russia, not Siberia, and represents a special historical, cultural and economic whole ". Alexander Nikolayevich, in the traditions of Siberian “regionalists,” noted the importance of moving to a federal structure of Russia on the principle of the USA and Canada : “... this will happen in a painless way, by endowing the provincial and regional zemstvos with the functions of state power, so that the local legislative power is a provincial zemstvo assembly , and the executive - provincial zemstvo government headed by the chairman ... " ^[8]

Following the policy of non-recognition of the Omsk administration, A. N. Alekseevsky turned to General Dmitry Horvath with the proposal to create and head the All-Russian government ^[6] . He condemned the activities of the Provisional Siberian Government , chaired by Peter Derber ^[1] .

Soon Alekseevsky became disillusioned with the government of Kolchak , who sought to revive unitary Russia . Because of his critical statements against the admiral, Alexander Nikolayevich was expelled by the Kolchak authorities from the region: he was imprisoned in Irkutsk , but was released in December 1919. After that, Alekseevsky participated in the work of the local anti-Kolchak Political Center , and later became a member of the Extraordinary Investigative Commission , which sentenced Alexander Kolchak and Viktor Pepelyaev to death (in fact, Alekseevsky was the head of the ^[4] Commission under the formal chairmanship of K. A. Popov ) ^{[1] [2] [9] [10]} .

In 1919-1920, Alexander Alekseevsky was the chairman of the meeting of Zemstvo and city vowels in Irkutsk, as well as a member of the Council of Public Administration in the city ^[10] .

The second emigration. Paris

In 1920, Alekseevsky emigrated through China to France ^[2] : he “modestly lived” in Paris , worked in French administrative bodies ^[5] . In January 1921, he participated in a meeting of former members of the Constituent Assembly in the French capital ^[1] . Alekseevsky was a member of the Siberian community in Paris, participated in the first meeting of the community in 1924. He spoke at the discussion of reports at the meetings of the newspaper “Days” and at meetings of the Scientific and Philosophical Society (1930s) ^[3] .

Initially, Alekseevsky was anti - Soviet , but “as a convinced patriot ” during the Second World War , in 1942, he revised his views and began to follow “with passion” the events in the USSR , especially Soviet-Chinese relations ^[5] .

I was very pleased with the magnificent achievements of Russian scientists in the field of nuclear research. Kurchatov's conference in Harewille was a surprise and a masterpiece. From the first report I read in the Mond newspaper, I felt that the British were choking (...) I saw something in the French newspapers, but the best was published in the Russian newspaper Russian News in Paris on May 25. This conference report explains how Russian scientists managed to curb the enormous temperature of nuclear reactions.

- A. N. Alekseevsky, from a letter to his Belgian friend Jean Blankov ^[5]

Alexander Nikolaevich Alekseevsky died in August 1957 when crossing a street in Paris as a result of a motorcycle collision ^[5] .

• Articles in the newspaper "Amur Territory" (1908) ^[2] .
• "Letters from Japan": articles on domestic life and foreign policy of Japan ^[2] .

Wife (from January 28, 1904 ^[2] ): Lidia Mikhailovna Alekseevskaya (nee Brodovikova ; 1878-1955) - doctor of medicine , took part in revolutionary activities in the Far East in the early 1900s, emigrated to Japan in 1906, participated in the work of the Volia publishing house in Nagasaki , from 1909 she lived in France , where she graduated from the medical faculty of the University of Paris ; during the Second World War she worked in Paris hospitals (Bruss, Anfan-Malad) ^{[2] [11]} .

Son: Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekseevsky (d. June 5, 1940) - lieutenant of the Dragoon regiment of the French army , agricultural engineer, participant in the Second World War (died at the front, in the Somme department); On January 19, 1949, he was reburied in Paris at the Bagnes Cemetery , posthumously awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor and the Military Cross ^{[12] [2]} .

• Russian Abroad in France 1919-2000. L. Mnukhin, M. Avril, V. Losskaya. Moscow. The science; House-Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva. 2008 ... 2010 ^[3] .
• GA of the Russian Federation. F. 102 - Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 3 d / p, 1905, d. 1811, part 3 ^{[1] [13]} .
• State Archive of the Tambov Region, f. 272, op. 1, d. 1640 ^{[1] [13]} .
• Bulletin of the Public Safety Committee of the Amur Region, Blagoveshchensk, September 30, 1917 ^{[1] [13]} .
• Omsk events at Kolchak // KA. 1925. T. 1 ^{[1] [13]} .
• Participants in the Russian revolutionary movement of the era of the struggle against tsarism. Biographical Index. M., 1927 ^{[1] [13]} .
• Khisamutdinov A. A. Russian emigration in the Asia-Pacific region and in South America. Bibliographic dictionary. Vladivostok, 2000 ^{[1] [13]} .
• N.V. Berestenko, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DOCUMENTARY FOUNDATION OF THE AMUR REGIONAL REGIONAL LOCAL MUSEUM , Blagoveshchensk.
• The supreme ruler of Russia : documents and materials of the investigation of Admiral Kolchak M. 2003, pp. 19-31.
• TSA FSB of Russia. Arch. No. H-501. D. 1. L. 8-10 about. The manuscript, the original ^[10] .
• Bulletin of the Government of the Amur Region. - 1918. - Oct. 6. - No. 11. Order of the Provisional Amur Government No. 40 of September 25, 1918 ^[6] .
• Bulletin of the Government of the Amur Region. - 1918. - Sep 25. Order of the Provisional Amur Government No. 5 of September 23, 1918 ^[6] .