Krakow Uprising ( Polish. Powstanie krakowskie ) - an armed uprising of the workers of Krakow on November 6, 1923 [2] . One of the largest armed uprisings in pre-war Poland.
| Krakow Uprising of 1923 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| date | November 6 - 7, 1923 [1] | ||
| A place |  Krakow | ||
| Total | The victory of the government forces [1] | ||
| Opponents | |||
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| Losses | |||
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Content
History
The uprising was caused by the political and economic crisis in which Poland was located. Unemployment , hyperinflation , declining standard of living and violation of rights caused discontent of huge masses of the population. On October 13, 1923 , an explosion occurred in the ammunition depot of the Warsaw garrison, organized by the Soviet underground , and the police took advantage of this to start the arrests of the revolutionaries - the communists and all the discontented. October 22 began a general strike of railway workers.
To combat the riots that arose on this ground, on October 31, the Polish government issued a decree imposing a state of emergency and creating field courts. The response to these government actions was a general political strike that began on November 5th .
Krakow’s authorities banned a rally scheduled for November 6 at Worker's House, and additional police units from Kielce and Lublin and troops from Poznan were brought into the city. The workers did not obey the ban and took to the streets and, although the troops refused to carry out the order to open fire on the workers, weapons were used in clashes with the police, as a result 2 people were killed.
An armed uprising began. Having disarmed 2 infantry companies of soldiers, the workers pushed aside the police and built barricades. Having repulsed the attacks of the three squadrons of the lancers of the 8th Lancers Regiment, the rebels managed to capture the armored vehicle of “ Harford Putilov ” [1] . By the evening of November 6, the entire working-class district of the city was in the hands of the rebels.
On the same day, street fighting began with the police and troops in the town of Borislav - 3 people were killed and 9 were wounded. However, in the evening an agreement was reached between the rebel leaders and the troops on the cessation of the armed struggle.
On November 7, the rebels were disarmed by agreement of the leadership of the Polish Socialist Party with the government. During the uprising, 18 workers were killed by the rebels, several dozens injured, 14 killed and about 130 wounded by the army and police.
On November 8, the general political strike was stopped - the government promised to consider the economic demands of the working people, but after this repression began against the participants in the uprising.
Interesting Facts
- The witness of these events was the Polish futurist Bruno Yasensky , who, under their influence, became a communist:
| ... the remnants of not overcome petty-bourgeois idealism, as narrow, not along the foot shoes, prevented me from taking a decisive step. Liberation came from the outside, in the form of an unexpected shock. The shock was a bloody uprising of 1923. The seizure of Krakow by armed workers, the defeat of a regiment of lancers, caused to pacify the rebels, the refusal of infantry units to shoot workers, fraternization of soldiers with the rebels and the transfer of weapons to them - all these rapid incidents, replete with heroic episodes of street fighting, seemed to me the prologue of the greatest events. Twenty-four hours spent in the city, cleared of police and troops, shook the world to my foundations, not yet rebuilt until the end. When the next day, thanks to the betrayal of the Social Democratic leaders, the workers were disarmed and the uprising was liquidated, I clearly understood that the struggle was not over, but the struggle began a long and bitter disarmed with the armed, and that my place in the ranks of the defeated today ... Next year I was already working as a literary editor of the Communist newspaper Workers' Tribune in Lviv, which was legal at the time, in Lviv, and translating Lenin’s numerous articles for her, for the first time began to study the laws governing the development of capital. ation society, the theory and practice of the class struggle ... Poetic pamphlets that I typed in "Working podium" after them walked the red pencil censor, came into the world as impeccably white spots equipped with only the title and the signature ... |
- Participating in the uprising was Leopold Trepper , who later became a Soviet intelligence officer and leader of the Red Orchestra .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Krakow Uprising of 1923 // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia / Redkoll., Ch. ed. E.M. Zhukov. Volume 8. M., State Scientific Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1965. p.25
- ↑ Krakow // Big Soviet Encyclopedia. / ed., Ch. ed. B. A. Vvedensky. 2nd ed. Volume 23. M., State Scientific Publishing House "Big Soviet Encyclopedia", 1953. p. 201-202
Literature
- Krakow Uprising of 1923: historical essay / F. Kalitskaya; per. with a floor C. Volsky, ed., Ed. foreword V. T. Fomin. - M .: Gosinoizdat, 1954.