Kairenai (Vilnius)

Ornaments and weapons found in a grave accidentally found in 1951 indicate that the area was already inhabited in the 4th – 6th centuries . The first mention in written sources dates back to 1545 .

The manor complex began to form the lords of Isaikovsky, who owned the Koiran in 1596 - 1691 ^[4] . Later, the estate was owned by Sapegi , who leased it. One of the first paper mills in Lithuania was operating here (it produced paper with a watermark in the form of a heart and the words Koi rany , Polish. “Heals wounds” ). In 1759 - 1870 the estate belonged to Lopatsinsky ^[4] . At the beginning of the 18th century , the Koyran estate occupied an area of ​​about 3,000 hectares and included several small villages (Vezhovo, Gaylyuny, Palyulishki, Bogdany, Dvorchany, Banishki).

Jozef Lopatsinsky and Dorota Lopatsinsky in 1813 - 1857 thoroughly rebuilt the estate complex. New outbuildings were erected (the buildings were preserved) and the park was landscaped. The estate had its own orchestra and amateur theater. The estate was visited by Tomasz Zan , Anthony Edward Odyniec and other Vilnius cultural figures.

In 1870 , the estate (significantly reduced in area due to the peasant reform of 1861 ) with the estate was acquired by Count Jozef Tyszkiewicz ^[4] , owner of Landvarov , Kretinga and Palanga . The paper mill was converted into a nail factory; it was later closed. In 1899, the estate was bought by merchants Stolypin ^[4] . Manor buildings and the park were badly damaged during the war. In 1933 , a neuropsychiatric hospital was set up in the estate (operated until 1974 ) ^[4] .

In May 1974 , a plot of 150 hectares was transferred to Vilnius State University for the establishment of a botanical garden. According to the project of the Institute for the Restoration of Monuments (chief architect Dainor-Maria Yukhnyavichute-Vaivadene ), old ponds were restored and new ones built, paths laid, buildings repaired. The first trees in the new botanical garden were planted in 1975 . In that year, the department of plant genetics and the department of pomology were founded, in 1976 - the department of dendrology. In 1979, 400 oaks were planted in Kairenai on the 400th anniversary of Vilnius University ^{[4] [5]} . By 1990, 1,000 plants were accumulated in Kairenai. In 1991, the laboratory of physiological and biochemical studies of plants began work, in 1992 - the department of floriculture. By 1996, the last locals were evicted, and the territory of the Kairenai Botanical Garden increased to 191.35 ha ^[2] . In addition, a branch in the Vingis Park with an area of ​​7.35 ha was preserved at the Botanical Garden of Vilnius University ^[1] .

In 2000 , the botanical garden was open to visitors ^[6] . As of 2005, there were about 10,000 plant names in the botanical garden (7,700 in Kairenai and 3,300 in Vingis Park) ^[2] ; This is the largest collection in Lithuania. In the fall of 2006 , during the visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain to Lithuania, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh , accompanying her, together with the wife of the President of Lithuania Alma Adamken , visited the park and botanical garden in Kairenai on October 17 ^[7] . In 2007 , the sculpture “Fertility” was installed in Kairenai Park (the author is Slovenian sculptor Andrei Grabrovets Gaberi) ^[8] .

In Kairenai, there are 300 kinds of rhododendronium with rhododendrons and azaleas ^[9] , a collection of 180 varieties of lilacs ^[10] , an arboretum of 60 ha ^[5] , and a collection of greenhouse plants of more than 700 names in a 240 m² greenhouse ^[11] .

76 species of birds also live in the botanical garden, including 7 from the Red Book of Lithuania, 7 species of fish, 6 species of amphibians, 30 species of mammals, including 8 species of bats , of which 5 are listed in the Red Book of Lithuania ^[12] .

• Vilniaus universiteto Botanikos sodas: informacinis leidinys apie Vilniaus universiteto Botanikos sodą: dabartis, praeitis, vadovas besidomintiems / teksto autoriai Gintarėlė Jurkevičienė, Audrius Skridaila, Silva Žilinsny; vertimas į anglų kalbą: Loreta Gema Musanja. - Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2008 .-- 87 p.
• 169. Kairėnų dvaro pastatai ir parkas, Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas / Red. kolegija, pirmininkas J. Bielinis. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988 .-- Vol. 1. Vilnius. - P. 261-263. - 25,000 copies.

•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kairenai
• Žilinskaitė, S. Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodo istorija (lit.) . VU Botanikos sodas. Date of treatment August 13, 2008. Archived March 17, 2012.
• Gajewski, Mirosław. Kojrany wczoraj i dziś (Polish) . Nasz Czas (2002). Date of treatment August 13, 2008. Archived March 17, 2012.
• Danowska, Danuta. Zostać właścicielem majątku? (Polish) . Tygodnik Wileńszczyzny (2006). Date of treatment August 13, 2008. Archived March 17, 2012.