Poultry farmers ( lat. Ornithógalum , Ornithogalum ) are a genus of perennial bulbous herbaceous plants of the subfamily Hyacinthaceae of the Asparagaceae family of the order Asparagales , previously referred to as Liliaceae [2] . These flowering plants are mainly distributed in the subtropical and temperate zones of the Mediterranean , Western Asia and South Africa , are found in Eurasia , one species in South America , four in North [3] .
| Poultry catcher | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Umbrella poultry ( Ornithogalum umbellatum ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ornithogalum L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type view | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ornithogalum umbellatum L., 1753 - Umbrella poultry | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subgenies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Four species were listed in the Red Book of the USSR, one species - Ornithogalum arcuatum - was listed in the Red Book of Russia [4] .
Some species are grown as ornamental in open ground, some in greenhouses .
Title
The scientific Latin name of the genus comes from the Greek words "ornis" - bird and "gala" - milk . The name was probably given for the coloring of the flowers and should mean - bird's milk .
The name of the plant in English, apparently due to star-shaped flowers, sounds like "Stars of Bethlehem" ( Eng. Star of Bethlehem ). The German name can be translated as "Milky Stars" ( German: Milchsterne ).
Description
Plant height from 30 to 85 cm.
The bulbs are ovoid, round or oblong-ovate, dressed in dense covering scales , with a diameter of 2-5 cm. The roots do not die off, but gradually change.
Leaves basal, with a whitish midrib, linear or belt-shaped. Appear before peduncles . In some species, leaves appear in autumn, winter and only then die.
The flowers are white or slightly yellowish, usually with a green stripe on the outside of the tepals, collected in racemose or corymbose apical inflorescences , odorless.
The fruit is a box . Seeds are flat, rounded, black.
Economic Significance and Application
Some species are poisonous . The toxicity is due to the content of cardiac glycosides and possibly unidentified alkaloids .
Bulbs of the Pyrenees poultry house are eaten fried and pickled [5] .
Sprouts of certain species are suitable for consumption like asparagus .
Systematics
The position of the poultry bearer in the classification often changed, until recently the genus belonged to the lily. More recently, the genus was assigned to its own subfamily Poultry ( Ornithogaloideae ) families Hyacinth ( Hyacinthaceae ). Depending on the author of the classification, the number of described species varies; some subspecies are considered as species. In total, there are from 100 to 300 species; about 30 species are found on the territory of Russia and neighboring countries [6] .
According to recent studies, many species from other genera were assigned to the genus Ornithogalum , as a result of which the name of the genus has many synonyms:
- Albuca L.
- Avonsera speta
- Battandiera maire
- Cathissa Salisb.
- Coilonox Raf.
- Dipcadi Medik.
- Eliokarnos Raf.
- Elsiea FMLeight.
- Galtonia Decne.
- Honorius gray
- Lindneria T. Durand & Lubbers
- Loncomelos Raf.
- Melomphis Raf.
- Neopatersonia schönland
- Pseudogaltonia ( Kuntze ) Engl.
- Stellarioides Medik.
- Uropetalon Burch. ex Ker Gawl.
- Zahariadia speta
Sometimes the genus is divided into three subgenera: Ornithogalum subgenus Ornithogalum , Ornithogalum subgenus Myogalum and Ornithogalum subgenus Beryllis .
Views
| Latin name | Russian title | Subgenus | Area | Synonyms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ornithogalum arabicum L. | Poultry arab | Europe | ||
| Ornithogalum arcuatum steven | Arcuate poultry | Beryllis | Caucasus, Crimea | |
| Ornithogalum schmalhausenii albov | Schmalhausen poultry catcher | Ornithogalum | Caucasus, Asia Minor | Poultry Balance ( Ornithogalum balansae Boiss. ) Ornithogalum oligophyllum EDClarke |
| Ornithogalum boucheanum ( Kunth ) Asch. | Boulder | Myogalum | Balkans, Asia Minor | |
| Ornithogalum dubium houtt. | Doubtful poultry | South Africa | Ornithogalum aureum curtis Ornithogalum thyrsoides var. aureum ( Curtis ) Baker | |
| Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd. | Fringed poultry | Ornithogalum | Balkans, Asia Minor | |
| Ornithogalum gussonei Ten. | Husson's Birdseed | Eastern Europe | Ornithogalum tenuifolium guss. | |
| Ornithogalum longebracteatum Jacq. | South Africa | Tailed hen ( Ornithogalum caudatum Jacq. ) Other names: Indian onion, or Chinese onion, or Sea onion, or False sea onion | ||
| Ornithogalum magnum ( Baker ) JCManning & Goldblatt | Large poultry catcher | Beryllis | Transcaucasia | |
| Ornithogalum montanum cirillo | Mountain poultry | Ornithogalum | East The Mediterranean | Ornithogalum montanum var. platyphyllum boiss. |
| Ornithogalum umbellatum L. | Umbrella poultry | Ornithogalum | Europe | White Chains |
| Ornithogalum nutans L. | Poultry farmer | Myogalum | Europe | |
| Ornithogalum pyramidale L. | Pyramidal poultry | Beryllis | Balkans | |
| Ornithogalum narbonense L. | Narbonne poultry catcher | Beryllis | Southern Europe | |
| Ornithogalum platyphyllum Boiss. | Poultry | Caucasus | ||
| Ornithogalum transcaucasicum Miscz. ex grossh. | Transcaucasian poultry catcher | Ornithogalum | Transcaucasia | |
| Ornithogalum thyrsoides Jacq. | Thyroid poultry | South Africa ( Cape ) | ||
| Ornithogalum woronowii Krasch. | Voronov's poultry catcher | Ornithogalum | Caucasus, Crimea | |
| Ornithogalum tempskyanum Freyn et Sint. | Tempsky poultry catcher | Ornithogalum | Armenia | |
| Ornithogalum schelkownikowii Grossh. | Shelkovnikov poultry farmer | Beryllis | Transcaucasia | |
| Ornithogalum ponticum Zahar. | Poultry poultry | Beryllis | Crimea, Caucasus | Iberian Pyrenees ( Ornithogalum pyrenaicum L. ) |
| Ornithogalum sintenisii freyn | Zintenis Poultry Maker | Ornithogalum | Dagestan, Iran | Poultry Shishkin ( Ornithogalum schischkinii Krasch. ) |
| Ornithogalum saundersiae baker | Sounders Birdseeker | South Africa |
and many others
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ Gilyarov M.S. Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1986. - S. 518. - 831 p.
- ↑ PLANTS Database (USDA / NRCS) Ornithogalum
- ↑ Red Book of Russia Ornithogalum arcuatum
- ↑ Gubanov I.A. et al. Wild useful plants of the USSR / ed. ed. T.A. Rabotnov . - M .: Thought , 1976 .-- S. 66 .-- 360 p. - ( Reference guides to the geographer and traveler ).
- ↑ Ornamental Plants From Russia And Adjacent States Of The Former Soviet Union Ornithogalum
Links
- Poultry catcher (English) : information on the GRIN website.
- Poultry // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Flora of North America: Ornithogalum
- Birdseeker in the Encyclopedia of Ornamental Garden Plants