Jurabek (Jurabiy) (1841? -1906) - Kitab Bek , from the Uzbek clan Kenagas , one of the main opponents of the Bukhara Emir Muzaffar , later major general of the Russian army.
| Jurabek | |
|---|---|
 Former Kitab Bek Jurabek (photo 1872) | |
| Date of Birth | 1841? |
| Date of death | January 25, 1906 |
| A place of death | Tashkent |
| Affiliation |  Bukhara Khanate ( Shakhrisabz ) Russian empire |
| Type of army | irregular troops |
| Rank | major general |
| Battles / wars | Turkestan campaigns |
| Awards and prizes | CALL 4th Art. (1875), Call of the 3rd art. (1875), Order of St. Stanislav , 2nd art. (1876), Order of St. Vladimir , 4th art. (1888), Order of St. Vladimir , 3rd art. (1904) |
Biography
Date of birth is unknown. Beck Kitaba , who, along with the Shaar, was the largest city of the Shakhrisabz oasis, became a young man. Consisting in formal subordination to the Bukhara emir , he pursued a virtually independent policy , which repeatedly led to military clashes with the emir. The Bukhara emirs repeatedly tried to take possession of the Shakhrisab oasis and the native chroniclers count about 30 trips made there by the emirs. These campaigns only led to an intensification of hostility between the dynasty of the Bukhara Mangyts and the Shakhrisabz beks from the Kenagas clan.
After the capture of Tashkent by Chernyaev in 1865, Jurabek, together with Bek Shaar Bababek, constantly threatened the Russian borders , often organized predatory raids on Russian territory. However, even the appearance of Russian troops in Jizzakh , at the gates of the Zarafshan Valley , did not reconcile the Bukhara and Shakhrisabz residents, although the mullahs and dervishes preached a holy war and the excitement against the “infidels” was enormous. Nevertheless, during the campaign of General Romanovsky and the defeat by the latter of the troops of the Bukhara emir Muzaffar near Irjar and the capture of Dzhizak, Jurabek and Bababek remained neutral, raiding only insignificant detachments into the rear areas of the Bukhara Khanate and Russian Turkestan .
At the initial stage of the Kaufman’s campaign against the emir, the Shakhrisabz residents also remained aloof, however, after the Russians captured Samarkand and the subsequent movement of the Russian troops to Katta-Kurgan and further to Zerabulak, Jurabek and Bababek, they gathered significant forces (estimated from 20 to 40 thousand people in different sources) ), May 2, 1868 attacked the Samarkand citadel, protected by a small Russian garrison. On the same day, Russian troops on the Zerabulak heights defeated the army of the Bukhara emir in a general battle and, without receiving any news from Samarkand, turned back. Having received information on May 5 about the near return of Kaufman, Jurabek and Bababek, having gathered their troops, returned through the Jamsky Pass back to the Shakhrisabz Valley . The siege of the Samarkand citadel was continued only by the townspeople and residents of the surrounding villages. On the morning of May 8, Russian troops entered Samarkand and liberated the garrison of the citadel.
Dzhurabek’s further hostile relations with Russia, which hindered the peaceful settlement of the Zarafshan Valley conquered by the Russians, accelerated the denouement. In the summer of 1870, Russian troops appeared under the walls of Kitab under the command of General Abramov . The hostilities were short-lived, but very stubborn. On August 14, 1870, Kitab was stormed, and the beks with a 3,000th detachment fled first to Magian , but, persecuted by a detachment of Colonel Mikhailovsky , were forced to leave for the Kokand Khanate . However, the Kokand khan seized them and gave them to the Russian government.
Arriving in Tashkent, Jurabek was very cordially and graciously received by Adjutant General Kaufman and received permission to live in Tashkent. Gifted with a sharp and receptive mind, Jurabek quickly became close to Russian society in Tashkent.
When military operations against the Kokand Khanate began in 1875, General Kaufman called on Jurabek to himself and invited him to take part in the campaign. Jurabek accepted this offer and, having collected at his own expense a two-hundred-strong detachment of dzhigits, came at the disposal of Skobelev . His detachment took part in a bloody battle near Mahram and in the first assault of Andijan , he was also assigned the courier service and intelligence in the depths of the Ferghana Valley . For the brilliant courage and courage shown in the Kokand campaign, Jurabek was awarded the insignia of the Military Order of the 3rd and 4th degrees.
On April 6, 1876, at the request of K.P. von Kaufman, Emperor Alexander II ordered: “The former Shakhrisyabz Bek Jurabek should be awarded the rank of lieutenant colonel with enrollment in the army cavalry and the order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree. " Then Jurabek was placed at the disposal of the Turkestan Governor-General with the appointment of 3,500 rubles a year for special services.
On the occasion of the production as an officer, Jurabek visited St. Petersburg , where he introduced himself to Emperor Alexander II, who, wishing to show new mercy to Jurabek for his services, ordered his son Jurabek to be enrolled in his own convoy - this was the first such case for immigrants from Central Asia.
During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. in St. Petersburg, it was decided to hold a demonstration against British India , for which a special detachment was assembled in the village of Jam halfway between Samarkand and Shakhrisabz ; Jurabek, who was closely acquainted with the proposed route of the detachment and enjoyed enormous authority in these parts, was appointed official of special assignments under the head of the detachment. However, the demonstration did not take place and the detachment was returned to the permanent apartments.
In 1880, Jurabek participated in the suppression of unrest in the Ferghana region and on August 30, 1882, for the difference, he was promoted to colonel. In 1888 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree.
At the disposal of the Turkestan Governor-General, Colonel Jurabek, using the great confidence and location of the Russian government, often carried out the very serious and secret assignments assigned to him in the diplomatic part in Bukhara, Afghanistan, and Kashgar ; in particular, he was one of the organizers of the secret "flight" of the future Afghan emir Abdurrahman from Tashkent through the Bukhara borders to the Afghan border.
On May 6, 1901, at the request of the Turkestan Governor General N. A. Ivanov , supported by A. N. Kuropatkin, Colonel Jurabek was promoted to major general. In 1903, he was completely reconciled with the Bukhara government, which after the campaign in 1870, the clan possessions of Jurabek were transferred. As evidence of such a reconciliation, the Emir of Bukhara, Abdulahad, granted Jurabek a golden Bukhara star of the 1st degree and appointed a life annuity. In 1904 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree.
Living in Tashkent, Jurabek acquired a small estate near the city, which housed one of the best libraries of ancient oriental manuscripts in Turkestan; some of them were presented by Jurabek as a gift from the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg ; Academician V.V. Bartold , arriving in Tashkent, repeatedly worked in the library of Jurabek .
On January 25, 1906, Jurabek was seriously wounded by robbers in his own house and died on the night of January 26, was buried on January 26 in his own estate near Tashkent.
In the obituary, published in the Historical Herald, the following characteristic of Jurabek is given: “The spiritual qualities of Jurabek fully corresponded to his athletic physique. This was a great personality in every way. The natural mind, sophisticated by the amazing ups and downs of life, the outstanding strength of character, justice and self-control full of dignity, gained him popularity and respect among the natives. ... From the side of religion, Jurabek was far from being a narrow fanatic, as apparently one would expect from a Central Asian native who grew up and was brought up in an environment that was still completely untouched by European civilization. ”
In addition to his son, enrolled in His Own Imperial Majesty's Convoy , Jurabek had a daughter, whom he married to the grandson of the former Kokand khan Khudoyar .
Literature
- Bokiev O. B. Conquest and annexation of Northern Tajikistan, the Pamirs and Gorno Badakhshan to Russia. Dushanbe, 1994
- Obituary // Historical Gazette . 1906, t. 105
- Obituary // Turkestan Gazette . 1906, No. 17.
- Terentyev M.A. The history of the conquest of Central Asia. T. 1-2. SPb. ., 1903
- List to the generals by seniority . Done on May 1, 1903. SPb. , 1903