Leningor [1] ( Ossetian Leningor [5] , Georgian ლენინგორი - [Leningori]; until 1934 - Akhalgor, Akhalgori [6] , from 1934 to 1991 in the USSR - Leningori [7] ) / Akhalgori [8] [ 9] [10] [11] ( Georgian ახალგორი - [Akhalgori] [12] [13] ) - urban-type settlement in the Caucasus , located on the banks of the Ksani River (a tributary of the Kura River ), on the western slope of the Alevsky Range, height above sea level - 800 m. [14]
| Settlement | |
| Leningor [1] / Akhalgori [2] | |
|---|---|
| Osset. Leningor [1] / load. ახალგორი [2] | |
 | |
| A country | South Ossetia / Georgia [3] |
| Area | Leningorsky district [1] / Akhalgori municipality of the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region [2] |
| History and Geography | |
| Former names | Until 1934 - Akhalgor, Akhalgori |
| PGT with | 1960 year |
| Square | 7 km² |
| Center height | |
| Population | |
| Population | ↘ 1033 [4] people ( 2015 ) |
| Nationalities | Georgians, Ossetians |
| Denominations | Orthodox Christians |
| Katoykonim | Leningorets, Leningorka |
| Official language | Ossetian , Georgian |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Car code | South Ossetia |
According to the administrative-territorial division of partially recognized South Ossetia , which actually controls the village, it is the administrative center of the Leningor region ; according to the administrative-territorial division of Georgia - the center of the Akhalgori municipality of the region of Mtskheta-Mtianeti .
Content
Title
The original name of the settlement of Akhalgori ( cargo. ახალგორი ) comes from the words ahali ("new") and gori ("hill, mountain") [15] . In Russian, both transcription from the Georgian Akhalgori [16] and the adapted toponym Akhalgor [17] [18] [19] [20] were used . In 1934 [14] the village was renamed in honor of V.I. Lenin to Leningor [21] [22] or Leningori [23] ( Georgian ლენინგორი , Osset. Leningor ). By the decision of the 18th session of the Leningor District Council of People’s Deputies of September 4, 1990, the historical name Akhalgori ( Georgian ახახი , Osset. Akhalgur ) was returned to the village, this decision was condemned by the authorities of the autonomous region as inconsistent with the law of the Georgian SSR "On the South Ossetian Autonomous Region" [ 24] . In the South Ossetian Soviet Republic proclaimed a few days later on September 20, 1990, the former name began to be used, but only in the Ossetian transcription Leningor , while Akhalgori became the official name in Georgia.
Population
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1886 [25] | 1897 [26] | 1939 [27] | 1959 [28] | 1970 [29] | 1979 [30] | 1989 [31] |
| 634 | → 634 | ↗ 1413 | ↗ 1584 | ↗ 1917 | ↗ 2457 | ↗ 2791 |
| 2006 [32] | 2015 [4] | |||||
| ↘ 2400 | ↘ 1033 | |||||
History
According to the "Caucasian calendar" for 1912 , Akhalgori is an Armenian village of the Dusheti district of the Tiflis province of the Russian Empire with a population of 590 people [33] . At the beginning of the 20th century, the village was populated by Ossetians from the nearest villages of the Ksan Gorge. In Soviet times, the village became an urban-type settlement and a district center.
In the period 1992-2008, the village and most of the Leningor region were under Georgian control; since the 1990s, the Georgian authorities renamed Leningor the village of Akhalgori, there was a large and forced, and voluntary outflow of Ossetian population from the village and the nearest settlements.
In Soviet times, the village began to develop economically, culturally, socially, in the village there were all the necessary social facilities, including a recreation park, photo studio, printing house, bakery and other institutions.
After the war of August 2008, the territory of the village and the entire region is controlled by the Republic of South Ossetia. The population of Leningor and the entire population of the district has the opportunity to travel to and from Georgia through special passes. In 2015, the President of the Republic of South Ossetia Leonid Tibilov officially opened the route of the Tskhinval-Leningor highway, a daily route opened on the new highway three times a day.
On August 8, 2017, for the first time after the 2008 war, the whole village and the nearest villages celebrated mourning day.
Economics
In the pre-Soviet period - mainly handicraft industry [34] . In 1983, plants were operating in Leningori - a timber processing plant, an oil-cheese factory, fruit juices, and lemonade. Sewing workshop - a branch of the tailoring workshop of Tbilisi Knitting Factory No. 2, a motor transport company, a printing house, the editorial office of a regional newspaper, a consumer services complex, cattle breeding, a leshoz, two secondary schools, a boarding school, a music school, an orphanage, a kindergarten , a culture house, a cinema , two libraries , a hospital , a clinic , a pharmacy , and a communications department [14] . After the collapse of the USSR, most enterprises were closed or became privately owned. Prior to the outbreak of the armed conflict in South Ossetia in August 2008, the main sources of jobs (providing employment for about 200 people) were the Lomisi brewery ( Engl. “Lomisi” ) [35] , a woodworking and stone crushing plant [36] . After the occupation of the Leningor region by Russian and South Ossetian troops in mid-August 2008 [37] [38], there was a massive outflow of population to Georgia [39] [40] , which negatively affected economic activity in the region. After a relative stabilization of the situation [41] , individual Ossetian and Georgian families began to return to the region [42] [43] [44] . In 2009, according to unofficial reports, the Lomisi brewery resumed its work - the bottling of beer and lemonade without labels was started [45] . In early February 2010, the plant received a new name “Aluton” and already officially resumed work, starting to produce 3 types of beer - “Aluton”, “Zhigulevskoye” and “Charles Bridge” [46] . However, the plant worked only until April 2010 and is currently [ when? ] does not function in connection with the investigation conducted by the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of South Ossetia [47] [48] . In the fall of 2017, the work of the plant was resumed.
Street Network
- Oktyabrskaya St.,
- Kosta Khetagurov St.
- Moskovskaya St.,
- Chochiev St.
- st.Besika Kudukhova,
- Zavodskaya St.
Social Objects
- The building of the district administration,
- Russian-Ossetian secondary school,
- Georgian Secondary School,
- boarding school
- Kindergarten,
- School of Music,
- District Hospital
- Palace of Culture
- Library,
- Office "Megaphone SOUTH OSSETIA"
- district food market.
Religion
- Orthodox Church of the Nativity of the Virgin (opened in September 2016) of the Diocese of Alan .
Attractions
- In the center of the village on the square there is a monument to Archangel Michael
- In October 2009, a monument to Kosta Khetagurov was erected in the culture park [49] .
- Shota Rustaveli Monument,
- Monument to Alexander Pushkin,
- Museum of the Princes of Xanthan Eristav,
- Memorial monument to the heroes of World War II,
- A large monument to Mother.
Gallery
Collapsing building
Local view
The palace-castle of Ksan eristavs, built in the late XVI - early XVII centuries. Photograph of 1886 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 According to the jurisdiction of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia
- ↑ 1 2 3 According to the jurisdiction of Georgia
- ↑ This locality is located on the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region , which is disputed . According to the administrative-territorial division of Georgia , the disputed territory (“ Tskhinvali region ”) is divided between the Akhalgori , Gori , Javi , Karelian , Onsk and Sachkher municipalities . In fact, the disputed territory is occupied by the partially recognized state of the Republic of South Ossetia .
- ↑ 1 2 Results of the 2015 General Population Census of the Republic of South Ossetia / Responsible for the release: I. R. Tibilov , T. V. Bazaev , R. R. Zasseyeva , M. E. Pukhaev , A. V. Siukaev , M. Kh. Guchmazova . - Tskhinval: Office of State Statistics of the Republic of South Ossetia, 2016. - 452 p. Archived July 10, 2017.
- ↑ The official name according to the administrative-territorial division of South Ossetia
- ↑ Akhalgori // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Leningori // Dictionary of geographical names of the USSR / GUGK , TsNIIGAiK . - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1983 .-- S. 142.
- ↑ Abkhazia, Georgia, South Ossetia // Atlas of the World / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2000; ch. ed. G.V. Pozdnyak. - Rev. in 2003 and 2007 - M .: PKO "Cartography": Onyx Publishing House, 2010. - P. 160. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography), ISBN 978-5-488-02507-3 (1st design, Onyx), ISBN 978-5-488-02508-0 (2nd design, Onyx).
- ↑ European part of Russia (south) // General characteristics of the territory / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" and the State Center "Nature" in 2004; ch. ed. A. N. Krajukhin ; open Ed .: G.V. Pozdnyak , N.N. Polunkina , N.V. Smurova . - M .: Roskartografiya, 2004. - S. 160—161. - ( National Atlas of Russia : 4 vols . ; 2004-2008, vol. 1). - ISBN 5-85120-217-3 .
- ↑ Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan // Atlas of the World / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2003; ch. Ed .: G.V. Pozdnyak , N.N. Polunkina ; open ed. N.V. Chudakova . - M .: Roskartografiya, 2003 .-- S. 111-112. - ISBN 585120195-9 .
- ↑ Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan // Atlas of the World / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" in 1999; open Ed .: T.G. Novikova , T.M. Vorobyova . - 3rd ed., Eras., Fr. in 2002 with diaposes. 1999 - M .: Roskartografiya, 2002. - P. 118. - ISBN 5-85120-055-3 .
- ↑ Official name according to the administrative-territorial division of Georgia
- ↑ One of the names of the settlement until 1934 , transliteration from the official name according to the administrative-territorial division of Georgia
- ↑ 1 2 3 Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Main Edition. Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia. - Tb. : Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Main Edition, vol. 6 p. 176, 1983.
- ↑ Pospelov E. M. Names of cities: yesterday and today (1917 - 1992): Toponymic dictionary. - M .: Russian dictionaries, 1993 .-- 250 p. - 10,000 copies.
- ↑ Commission for the Printing of State Letters and Treaties, Alexander Antonovich Tsagareli, Moscow Archive. Diplomas and other historical documents of the 18th century relating to Georgia. - St. Petersburg : printing house of V. Kirshbaum, 1891. - S. 38, 157, 217.
- ↑ Plato Ignatievich Iosseliani. Description of the antiquities of the city of Tiflis. - Tiflis : printing house of the main administration of the governor of the Caucasus, 1866. - S. 234.
- ↑ George G. Paichadze. Russian-Georgian political relations in the first half of the 18th century. - Tbilisi : Sabchota Sakartvelo, 1970 .-- S. 200.
- ↑ Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. South Ossetian Research Institute. History of South Ossetia in documents and materials / I.N. Tskhovrebov. - Stalinir : State Publishing House of South Ossetia, 1960 .-- S. 247.
- ↑ G. Togoshvili, Ivan Nikifirovochi Tskhovrebov - Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. South Ossetian Research Institute. The history of Ossetia in documents and materials: from ancient times to the end of the XVIII century. - Stalinir : State Publishing House of South Ossetia. - S. 227. - 365 p.
- ↑ S. Sh. Gabayev - Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. South Ossetian Research Institute. The national economy of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region. - Stalinir . - State Publishing House of South Ossetia, 1959.- S. 21.
- ↑ Zamira Dmitrievna Tskhovrebova - Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. South Ossetian Research Institute. Toponymy of South Ossetia in written sources. - Tbilisi : Metsniereba, 1979. - S. 58, 157, 159. - 183 p.
- ↑ Leningori // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Decision of the Executive Committee of the Council of People’s Deputies of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region on decisions of the extraordinary 18th session of the Leningor District Council of People’s Deputies of the 20th convocation of September 4, 1990 (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 26, 2016. Archived on February 6, 2016.
- ↑ A compilation of statistics on the population of the Transcaucasian region, extracted from the family lists of 1886 . - Tiflis: Type. I. Martirosiyantsa, 1893. - XV, [899], 52 p. : tab .; 26 cm. From.
- ↑ Populated places of the Russian Empire of 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population present in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant faiths, according to the first general census of 1897 / foreword: N. Troitsky. - St. Petersburg: printing house "Public good", 1905. - X, 270, 120 p. ; 27. - (The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897 / under the editorship of N. A. Troinitsky) . Date of treatment August 17, 2013. Archived August 17, 2013.
- ↑ 1939 All-Union Population Census. The number of the rural population of the USSR by regions, large villages, and rural settlements — regional centers . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ The number of rural population of the Union republics (except the RSFSR) - residents of rural settlements - district centers by gender
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census: Population of the union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, regions, districts, urban settlements, village district centers and rural settlements with a population of over 5,000 people (except the RSFSR) // Demoscope; The size of the urban population of the Union republics (except the RSFSR), their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender // Demoscope.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census: The current population of the Union and Autonomous Republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, regions, districts, urban settlements, village district centers and rural settlements with a population of over 5,000 people (except the RSFSR) // Demoscope; The size of the urban population of the Union republics (except the RSFSR), their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender // Demoscope.
- ↑ 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population .
- ↑ Mtskheta-Mtianeti Territory (administrative-territorial units: Akhalgori, Dusheti, Tianeti, Mtskheta, Kazbegi). Passport. 2007 year
- ↑ Caucasian calendar. Tiflis 1912 (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment July 13, 2012. Archived January 14, 2015.
- ↑ Chibirov L.A., Togoshvili G.D., Dzhioev M.K., Pukhaev K.P. History of South Ossetians: a Training manual. - Tskhinvali: Iryston, 1990, p. 117.
- ↑ The factory was founded in 1991. In February 2008, acquired by Efes Breweries International . Beer producer Efes bought Georgian brewers // Lenta.ru 02/08/2008
- ↑ The situation in the Leningor region remains difficult // IA “Res”, December 4, 2008
- ↑ Ossetian peacekeepers took control of the Leningor region of South Ossetia - OSinform
- ↑ A year has passed since the day of the occupation of Akhalgori // IA Medianews, 08.16.2009
- ↑ Special press release of the Memorial Human Rights Center and the Demos Center. The humanitarian consequences of the armed conflict in the South Caucasus. “Buffer zone” after the withdrawal of Russian troops from there. Version October 31, 2008. Archived January 17, 2012.
- ↑ Population outflow to Georgia continues from South Ossetia - Human Rights in Russia, November 27, 2008
- ↑ However, many temporarily displaced people continue to assess the situation as tense. See, for example, Georgia-Russia: Still Insecure and Dangerous. Crisis Group Europe Briefing No. 53, 22 June 2009, P.8.
- ↑ A part of Akhalgorians lives in Akhalgori even after receiving cottages // IA Medianews, 01/08/2009
- ↑ Several families returned to the Akhalgori district // IA Medianews, 02.24.2009 (unavailable link)
- ↑ Of the 8,200 residents of the Akhalgori district, 600 people took part in the “elections” // IA Medianews, 02/02/2009
- ↑ Occupants installed radars in Akhalgori // Marie Otarashvili, Information and Analytical Portal Georgia Online, 06/20/2009
- ↑ In the Leningorsky district of South Ossetia, after a long downtime, the Aluton brewery started working // Dina Gassieva, Ossetian Radio and Television, 02.16.2010
- ↑ The results of Vadim Brovtsev’s working trip to the Leningorsky district // IA “Res”, 08/05/2010
- ↑ The prosecutor's office of South Ossetia is investigating the case of RPUE PK Aluton // IA Res, 03/23/2011
- ↑ The whole world is my Temple ... - IA RES (10/14/2009)
Literature
- Pospelov E. M. Names of cities: yesterday and today (1917 - 1992): Toponymic dictionary. - M .: Russian dictionaries, 1993 .-- 250 p. - 10,000 copies.
- Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Main Edition. Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia. - Tb. : Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Main Edition, vol. 6 p. 176, 1983.
Links
- Map sheet K-38-65 Leningori . Scale: 1: 100,000. 1979 edition
- Sites
- Articles
- Leningori // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Video of raising the South Ossetian flag in Leningor - News (08/17/2008)
- “Ossetian peacekeepers took control of the Leningor region of South Ossetia” - OSinform (08/17/2008)
- “New Life of Leningor” - OSinform (09/08/2008)
- “Draw the line. Russian border troops arrived in South Ossetia to guard the border with Georgia ” - Rossiyskaya Gazeta (18.5.2009)
- Akhalgori: a village that was Georgian - Russian Air Force August 17, 2009