Qian Xuesen ( Chinese р п , pinyin : Qián Xuésēn , W.-J. Chien Hsüeh-sen ) ( December 11, 1911 , Hangzhou , China - October 31, 2009 , Beijing , PRC ) is a Chinese scientist, a key figure in the creation of intercontinental ballistic missiles , a participant in the US space program and the founder of the space program of China . While living in the USA, he signed his work as Hsue-shen Tsien (first name before last name), therefore, in NASA documents he is usually referred to as HS Tsien [5]
| Qian Xuesen | |
|---|---|
| 钱学森 | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country |  China |
| Scientific field | rocket science |
| Place of work | China Academy of Space Technology [3] |
| Alma mater | Massachusetts Institute of Technology , California Institute of Technology |
| supervisor | Theodore von Karman |
| Known as | Father of Chinese Cosmonautics [4] |
| Awards and prizes | [d] ( 1994 ) |
| Signature | |
Biography
Origin
Qian Xuesen came from the Qian family ( Chinese 钱 , the meaning of the character is “money” ).
According to the annals of the Song empire , the surname Qian originates from Ji Zhuan Xu , one of the Five Emperors , through the legendary Peng Zu , the founder of the Peng kingdom in the Jiangsu province during the Shang Dynasty . One of the dignitaries of the Zhou Dynasty, named Fu, was a descendant of Peng Zu and served in the royal treasury of Qianfu ("Monetary Institution"). His descendants adopted the surname “Qian,” literally “money,” from the title of the post. Qian Xuesen was the son of the Minister of Education in the Kuomintang Government [6]
Early Years and Education
Qian Xuesen by first education ( Shanghai Transport University ) is a railway engineer. In 1934 he entered Nanjing University , where he soon won the right to go to the USA to study. [6] He graduated from MIT , receiving the title of master, and then Caltech , receiving a doctorate in aeronautics [3] .
US Career
In the 1940s, Qian was among the founders of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [7] . He is one of the authors of the idea of a nuclear aircraft engine, manned spaceflight, and a super-fast passenger airliner [8] .
During the witch hunt that began in the USA in the 1950s, the FBI accused Qian Xuesen of “complicity with the Communists ”, referring to a 1938 Communist Party document containing his name. Qian was removed from secret missile-related work and was actually put under house arrest. Two weeks later, the scientist announced his intention to return to China [9] , wrote an appeal to the Prime Minister of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China Zhou Enlai, and on September 17, 1955 he went home [3] .
Return to China
Arriving in the People's Republic of China, Qian initiated the development of his own ballistic missiles. He led the Chinese space program and became known as the "father of Chinese cosmonautics." He prepared a galaxy of Chinese scientists, who provided significant success for China in space exploration. In China, Qian played an important role in public life, was deputy chairman of the Central Committee and honorary chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic League of China .
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the PRC (1957) [10] .
He was buried at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing. Hu Jintao , Jiang Zemin , Wang Bango, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang attended the farewell ceremony [4] .
Memory
In honor of him, the asteroid (3763) Qianxuesen was discovered, discovered on October 14, 1980 at the Zijinshan Observatory. The name "Qian" is the Chinese spacecraft in the novel by Arthur Clarke " 2010: Odyssey Two ."
Publications
- Lin CC, Reissner E., Tsien HS "On two-dimensional nonsteady motion of a slender body in a compressible fluid" // J. Math. and Phus. 1948. V. 27, No. 3.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Library of Congress Authorities - Library of Congress .
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 3 Afanasyev. People's Republic of China: “The East is Ale” (unavailable link) . Date of treatment August 7, 2008. Archived on September 15, 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 A funeral ceremony of farewell to the "father of the Chinese cosmonautics" took place in Beijing // russian.china.org.cn, November 6, 2009
- ↑ Biographies of Aerospace Officials and Policymakers . NASA Date of treatment August 7, 2008. Archived March 16, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Sergey Nekhamkin. If something walks like a duck ... . Arguments of the week (December 14, 2011). Archived March 16, 2012.
- ↑ Perrett, Bradley Qian Xuesen Laid Foundation For Space Rise in China . Aviation Week & Space Technology.
- ↑ China's space program (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 21, 2009. Archived on May 3, 2008.
- ↑ Dmitry Payson “Flights from East to West” (inaccessible link)
- ↑ 钱学森 (Chinese)