Degassing is one of the types of disinfection , which is the destruction (neutralization) of toxic substances ( chemical warfare agents ) or their removal from the contaminated surface, terrain, structures, clothing, etc., in order to reduce contamination to an acceptable rate or complete disappearance.
Degassing is carried out by physical, chemical and mechanical methods. The mechanical method involves the removal of emergency chemical hazardous substances from the surface, territory, individual objects. The physical method involves the treatment of contaminated objects and materials with hot air, water vapor. When these two methods are used, highly active toxic substances are not destroyed, but only removed. Various organic solvents (motor fuels, alcohol, etc.) and detergent solutions can be classified. However, when using them, only “physical” degassing occurs (removal of organic matter as a result of its dissolution or emulsification). Such degassing does not ensure complete removal of organic matter and in some cases is insufficient. The chemical method destroys (neutralizes) highly active toxic substances by decomposing them and transferring them into other, non-toxic compounds with the help of special degassing substances of oxidizing-chlorinating and alkaline action.
Degassing is carried out by wiping contaminated surfaces with degassing solutions with the help of brushes, rags and special equipment, as well as with a gas stream using heat machines. Degassing of clothes , shoes and household items from various fabrics can be done by airing, boiling, steaming. Degassing of territories can be carried out by sprinkling with degassing solutions, spraying dry degassing agents, cutting and removing the upper contaminated soil layer (snow) or isolating the contaminated surface using straw flooring, planks, etc. or covered with sandy ground, gravel , rubble .
Decontamination of FOV
- Sarin - water and water-alcohol solutions ( sodium hydroxide NaOH, potassium hydroxide KOH, ammonia NH 3 , ...), as well as solutions of hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 and hydroxylamine derivatives in a weak alkaline medium.
- Soman - just like sarin , but still need to wear a gas mask on the victim; Visible drops are removed from the skin or clothes with tampons and the infected sites are treated with an aqueous-alcoholic solution of NH 3
- VX - wear a gas mask and protective clothing on the victim; degassing is effective no later than five minutes; alcoholates of amino alcohols and celozolvol (in non-aqueous solvent mixtures) are used.
- Tabun - easily interacts with ammonia and amines solutions, degassing products are poisonous, as they contain hydrocyanic salts.
- D. c., Obtained on the basis of some sodium alkoxides and amines (DS-2, USA), have a universal effect in relation to various FOV. Their degassing action is based on the reactions of dehydrochlorination of mustard gas and the alcoholysis of organophosphate agents.
Literature
- V. Karpov and others. Scientific and technical analysis of the main areas of research when creating new types of technical means and special processing recipes / Avt .: V.P. Karpov, O.V. Kazimirov, K.S. Kapkanets // Troops Bulletin Rhb protection. - 2017. - V. 1. - № 1. - P. 42-52.