Zubrilovka

Russian Empire

The Zubrilovka estate, located in the Zubrilovo volost of the Balashov district of the Saratov province , was not generic. Prince Sergei Fedorovich Golitsyn became the owner of these lands in the 1780s , on the eve of his marriage. In 1786 , when nobles were given lands in Saratov governorate, in a letter to the favorite of Catherine II Grigory Potyomkin, he wrote: “ like a benefactor who rewards all of them according to his plans and to take more and better to him, if you can fish, because, by illness his, he made a promise at the posts not to eat meat, then, therefore, I will only have to eat, as long as there is no fish, only bread alone ” ^[1] .

The land plot was located, as F.F. Vigel , brought up in the Golitsyn family wrote, “in a distant land where two provinces converge - Saratov and Tambov , and in the vicinity of Penzenskaya ” and added that Golitsyn “stood in permanent apartments for three years with 24-squadron Smolensk Dragoon Regiment, of which he was the commander. They say that all the constructions of Zubrilovka were the work of soldiers. ” A luxurious stone house was built with two wings and a church opposite the house, a park with ponds, flower beds and greenhouses was set up ^[4] . The architect who worked on the estate was not identified by documents; in 1979, an attempt was made to connect this estate and the nearby Nadezhdino with the name of Quarenghi ^[5] .

The manor church was consecrated in 1796 in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord ; in the side chapel of the Resurrection of Lazarus , located under the main altar, a tribal necropolis was built. The bell tower was erected at the opposite end of the park.

Under Paul I, Prince Golitsyn fell out of favor, and in 1797, together with his sons, he was exiled to his estate. Ivan Krylov came with him as a teacher of children and a secretary. Here, in Zubrilovka, I. A. Krylov wrote a number of outstanding works; among them - the Triumph, which was banned for publication, and the popular fable Pig Under the Oak ^[6] .

In 1801, Prince Golitsyn was returned to service and only having retired in 1804 he finally moved with his family to Zubrilovka, coming to Moscow for the winter. The wife of Sergey Fedorovich Varvara Vasilyevna , Potemkin’s niece, praised Derzhavin as a golden-haired Plenir lived for a long time in Zubrilovka. The young Kondraty Ryleyev also visited Zubrilovka.

F.F. Vigel wrote that the Golitsins in Zubrilovka had about 600 people in the yard, plenty of them, and the surrounding nobles often ran into the estate: “The gates are wide open: neighbors, small nobles have been knocked over, but are happy when they are happy, when the master will say to them friendly words two, three . "

Sergei Fedorovich suddenly died in 1810 in Galicia , but was buried in the crypt of the Zubrilov Church ^[7] . After his death, the estate was inherited by his son Fedor .

The contemporaries recognized the unusual and elegant taste of Prince Fedor Sergeyevich Golitsyn. Under him, the manor art collections of enamel, porcelain, silver, and rare dishes were replenished. Changes were made to the layout of the park and the palace. Fedor Sergeyevich established a boarding house for noble children under the patronage of his wife Anna Alexandrovna. Two two-story buildings were built for him, 36 boys were placed in one of them, 46 girls, in the other, led by the Frenchwoman "Madame Monsard" - there were no such educational institutions in the Saratov or Tambov provinces until the mid-1840s. . The pension was patronized by Empress Maria Fyodorovna , who had scholarship holders in it.

In the period of classicism, regular parks gave way to landscape, close to the natural forms of nature. And Fyodor Golitsyn mercilessly cut down the alleys of the old regular park in the 1820s , giving the paths and edges the picturesque outlines ^[8] .

After the death of Prince Fyodor Golitsyn in 1826, the estate passed into the hands of his wife Anna Alexandrovna (the only daughter of Field Marshal A. A. Prozorovsky ), who established a mayorate in Zubrilovka. She handed it over to her eldest son Alexander with descending offspring, who, from November 10, 1852, was highly authorized to bear the double surname Golitsyn-Prozorovsky. According to the laws of the majorate, the estate was “ reserved ”, not fragmented among all equal heirs and passed in its entirety to only one of them, the eldest of its kind. The highest permissions of this kind were given as an exception at the request of the mother or father. But the numerous brothers of Alexander Fedorovich, preserving the rights to income from the estate, already from the middle of the XIX century began to sell the Zubrilov collection.

Yakov Karlovich Grot , who visited the estate in the summer of 1862 , recalled: “ ... The old house is being maintained, or rather, is being restored to its original state; its walls inside are hung with portraits of the famous ancestors of the owner. The wife of Alexander Fyodorovich Golitsyn, Princess Maria Alexandrovna (1826-1901), is associated with Derzhavin’s house and family ties: she’s paternal granddaughter of a friend and relative, N. Lvov ... ”At the end of the century, thanks to the care of Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander Fedorovich, Zubrilovka survived the last stage of its heyday.

From Alexander and Maria Golitsyn-Prozorovsky, the estate (about 8300 acres of land) passed into the possession of his eldest son, Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Golitsyn-Prozorovsky . At the end of the 19th century, a number of houses for workers of the estate appeared on the eastern border of the park.

In 1899, the artist Viktor Borisov-Musatov wrote a letter to the estate manager N.V. Sokolov asking him to see the old estate. His request was granted and in 1901 the artist arrived in Zubrilovka. Even then, the estate was in desolation, rarely visited by the then owners. In 1902, Borisov-Musatov again visited the estate with his sister Elena and artist Elena Vladimirovna Alexandrova, the future wife. His sister Elena recalled: Deep autumn in Zubrilovka also captivated his brother for his faded tones of the colors of dying nature ... Near the house where he painted us on sunny summer days, the colors were already sad, gray, everything was in harmony with the dark autumn sky covered with clouds. It seemed that the house froze with the surrounding fading greenery. This gave my brother the mood to paint a picture - “ Ghosts ” ... He personally explained to us, as I remember, that with the end of the life of an empty landowner’s house, “everything was a thing of the past,” as he depicted in the foreground pictures of receding ghostly figures of women . These two trips to the estate were reflected in the works “Tapestry” (1901), “Walk at Sunset” (1903), “Ghosts” (1903), and “Dream of a Deity” (1904-05).

Mayhem and Fire of 1905

In the fall of 1905, the Balashov district of the Saratov province was at the center of peasant unrest . The pogrom and fire of the estate were launched, after which it was no longer being restored. One wing of the palace was completely destroyed. In the fire, the side wings and the galleries connecting them to the palace, in which the greenhouses and the winter garden were located, burned down.

Vasily Vereshchagin described the destruction of the estate ^[4] :

“... The pogrom of the estate was scheduled for October 19, 1905. At the head of the crowd was a peasant in the neighboring village of Iznair, a moon-white old man with four sons, who owned 100 tithes of land. He was followed by 12 carts to load the robbed good. The old man walked with a confident step, holding the icon in his hands, in the firm conviction that he was doing the will of the king, who commanded in three days to destroy and rob all the neighboring estates. When crossing the Khoper River, all the Zubrilov’s youth joined the crowd and also went to the estate. The pogrom began with a wine cellar, from which barrels rolled out one after another and immediately drank. When the wine was drunk, a brutal elemental crowd burst into one of the wings. The furniture was set on fire, doused with kerosene and a draft. Having finished with the outbuilding, the crowd rushed to the main house and set fire to it in exactly the same way, and while the fire flared up, it began to rob, partly with hammers and crowbars to smash all furniture, bronze, porcelain into small pieces and tear to pieces all the paintings and portraits, destroying all indiscriminately, what caught her eye, in some senseless, merciless frenzy ... Soon, the house was also finished - its roof collapsed, its floors and ceilings and its weight pierced the arches of the lower floor. The pogrom of another outhouse, greenhouses, sheds and stables began, and when nothing was left of them, the crowd rushed to the hospital and only then it was stopped too late by the troops that arrived in time. The looted goods that the peasants carefully burned for fear of the search, smoked and smoldered in the neighboring villages for as long ... ”

“In the fire, priceless collections of arts and crafts, rare books, documents and a portrait gallery, numbering more than 150 works (including such masters as Levitsky , Lumpy , Molinari ) died . Only a few portraits have been preserved which, in the summer of that year, Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev exported to participate in the Tauride exhibition of the Russian portrait . The collection of miniature portraits was transferred by Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Prozorovsky-Golitsyn to the capital before the pogrom ” ^[9] .

In 1914 , after the death of A.A. Golitsyn-Prozorovsky , who lived in the Ramenskoye estate near Moscow since 1890, the estate was transferred to his older sister Anna Alexandrovna Goryainova (1851-1921). Soon it was sold to the treasury.

Soviet period

After the October Revolution of 1917, in 1918 , the farm of the Zubrilov estate was transferred to the 3rd Petrograd Agricultural Commune of Workers who came from Petrograd with their families in connection with the famine - the commune was formed by the workers of the Putilov Plant . This commune existed until the end of the 1920s ^[10] ; in the end, she was accused in the kulak direction of exploiting other people's labor ^[11] .

In the 1930s , an attempt was made to restore the estate, but only the palace was partially restored, which housed a holiday home for party and Soviet workers.

On August 1, 1933, the Presidium of the Lower Volga Regional Executive Committee approved a resolution of the Presidium of the Tamalin District Executive Committee on the termination of the agreement with the religious community on the use of the church building and religious property "due to the failure to repair the church building." In 1934 , citing the fact that " with the collapse of the groups of believers in the church, they have been inactive for a number of years ", the Saratov regional executive committee decided to use them, including in the village of Zubrilovke, " backfilled in the prescribed manner " ^[12] . The bell tower began to be used as a water tower - from above instead of the traditional completion, a water tank was attached.

During the Great Patriotic War , the rest house was used as a hospital. Then a tuberculosis sanatorium was located in the house. Hospital buildings were built on the site of the former greenhouse. The appearance of the estate has changed, but in general it was maintained in good condition ^[13] .

In 1979 , after groundwater broke into the cellars of the palace, the TB dispensary was closed ^[14] and the palace was empty.

Post-Soviet period

In the 1990s, the estate was defeated. To this day, the palace is being destroyed, park buildings continue to disappear, the park is overgrowing, the system of ponds and reservoirs has fallen into decay.

The Transfiguration Church, closed in 1931, was returned to believers in 1990. The church community carried out work on the repair and improvement of the temple: the graves were put in order, flower beds were broken, the first floor was completely renovated.

In 2003-2004, the local administration made plans to restore the estate in order to turn it into a multidisciplinary historical-ethnographic and cultural-improving complex. The main idea was primarily to attract additional investment in the economy of the Tamalinsky district. These plans did not materialize.

In 2009, during a routine audit of the preservation of cultural and architectural monuments in the region, the prosecutor's office of the Penza region found out that in 2004 Tatyana Medvedeva , head of the administration of the Zubrilovsky village council of the Tamalinsky district of the region, issued a decree on the transfer of a 125-hectare land plot classified as “specially protected territories” and owned by the region, in the land of the municipality, thereby committing illegal actions. In the same year, at a public auction, this plot of land for 1,125 thousand rubles was sold to a local entrepreneur. She a year later, in 2005 , resold it to businessman Viktor Baturin for four million rubles. Now the issue of initiating a criminal case is being decided. At the same time, we are no longer talking about the restoration of Zubrilovka. Hundreds of millions of rubles and a bona fide investor are needed to restore it ^{[15] [16]} .

In 2009, after the audit, the Ministry of State Property of the Penza Region civilly demanded the termination of the Zubrilovka lease agreement with Viktor Baturin, as well as the repayment of about 500 thousand rubles of rental payments and late fees.

Viktor Baturin himself commented on this news: “ The ruins that were there were not designed at all. After I started to put things in order there, invested about $ 2 million, rebuilt the church, covered the roof of the palace, started cleaning the park, these “ruins” appeared on the BTI list as a “cultural site ”. ” According to Mr. Baturin, he suspended the restoration work in Zubrilovka, because for five years "he has not been able to achieve some kind of legal status " for this object and " to get rights to it ." He also said that “he never regarded the Golitsyn estate as a commercial project, but only as his duty to preserve this monument for posterity ” and is ready to completely abandon his claims to it in favor of the region.

Meanwhile, State Duma deputy from the Penza region Viktor Ilyukhin announced his intention to appeal to the head of the regional prosecutor's office with a request to conduct a thorough “ investigation of all circumstances related to the alienation of this land owned by the region ” ^[16] .

On February 8, 2010, the district prosecutor’s office submitted verification materials in accordance with Clause 2, Part 2, Article 37 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to the Serdobsky Interdistrict Investigation Department of the Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation for the Penza Region for verification in accordance with Article 144-145 Code of Criminal Procedure ^[17] .

• main house
• houses for peasants (four)
• hospital
• Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord (1796)
• Bell tower
• Chapel in honor of the icon " All the Mourners Joy "
• decorative ruin “Olga Tower”

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  The current state of the Golitsyn Palace

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  The current state of the palace. 2015

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  Transfiguration Cathedral in the Golitsyn estate. 2015.

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  Tombstones of the Golitsyn-Prozorovsky. 2015

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  Inside the palace. 2015

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  The bell tower in the estate. 2015

In Saratov , the Radischevsky Museum stores two marble sculptures from the stairs of the southern facade and several items of church utensils. This is the little that managed to be taken out of the estate in 1925-1927 ^[18] . In addition, the museum, now transferred to the Saratov diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, was an 18th-century reliquary from the Zubrilovsky church ^[19] .

• Посохина М. Зубриловка. Отблеск заката // «Наука и жизнь». — № 10. — 2007.
• Gorodnova L. This house collapsed, the boron and garden withered. Dezhravinsky song of the Golitsyn Zubrilovka // "Our Heritage". - No. 86. - 2008.
• Chernyshev Yu. Ruined Prikhoperye // Rich. - 08/11/2011. - No. 25 (583) .
• Gorodnova L. E. “Charming daydream of the 18th century” // Moscow Journal. - 2015. - No. 3 . - S. 26-45 . - ISSN 0868-7110 .

• Video presentation c. Zubrilovo and estates Zubrilovka
• Zubrilovka on the Proselki website (a guide for car travelers on little-known sights)
• Manor Zubrilovka
• Zubrilov Atlantis . Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation (07.29.2005).