Longshan ( Chinese 龍山 文化 ) is a group of Eneolithic cultures located in the Yellow River basin during the first half of the second millennium BC. e. [1] .
This cultural layer arose on the basis of Yangshao , but under the influence from the outside ( migrants from Central Asia caused cultural diffusion). This influence was manifested in the appearance of the potter’s wheel , new varieties of grain ( wheat from the Middle East) and livestock ( goat , sheep , cow ). Lunshans also raised millet and pigs [2] . Other distinctive features: scapulimantium (fortune telling on bones), vessels of the type with three legs in the form of an udder (possibly indicating a developed cattle - breeding complex), as well as a special type of ceramics (thin-walled gray and black without any painting).
All these products were made both by peasants and by artisans who stood out from them. People lived in small villages with dwellings of the Yangshao type, engaged mainly in hoe farming , which is why they changed their place of residence every few decades. Some settlements consisted of 100 houses [2] .
Different cultures represent different lunshanoid types: Qijia and Qingliang, Davenkou and Qujialing .
To the late phase of Lunshan, some researchers attribute the Taos culture to ( 2300 - 1900 B.C.E. , Xiangfen , Shanxi ).
In the XVI century BC e. replaced by the bronze culture of Shang Yin .
Representatives of this culture were distinguished by high growth (1.9 m) [2]
Notes
- ↑ Longshan // BDT. T.18. M., 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 3 07/13/2017 5000-year-old giants from China ... turned out to be ordinary people
Sources
- History of China: Textbook (edited by A.V. Meliksetov). M., 2004. S.11-12.
- Longshan - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .