Pikhno, Dmitry Ivanovich

Orthodox. Born in the family of a prosperous peasant, later recorded in the middle class of the city of Chigirin . He had a younger brother Basil (1856-1896), who was engaged in agriculture, was also published in the Kievite and was the editor of the newspaper in 1885-1886 ^[1] .

He was brought up in the Kiev 2nd gymnasium, at the end of the course of which one year he was a home teacher in the family of the famous teacher K. D. Ushinsky . Then he entered the University of St. Vladimir , who graduated in 1874 with a Ph.D. in law, and was awarded a gold medal for his essay “Historical outline of civil penalties under Russian law” and was left by the scholarship holder to prepare for a professorship in the department of civil law. At the same time, he studied economics and, on the proposal of Professor N. Kh. Bunge, was transferred to the department of police law as a scholarship holder. Since 1876 - Master of Police Law.

In 1877-1885, he was a privat-docent, in 1888-1902 he was a professor at the Department of Economic Sciences, and in 1890 he published the textbook “Foundations of Political Economy”. He taught statistics and political economy courses for students of the law and history department of the historical and philological faculty. As an economist, he dealt with supply and demand problems, paper circulation, problems of the railway economy (tariffs, services, commercial interests of railways), and the preparation of government buybacks of commercial railways.

From 1878 until his death was the editor of the newspaper " Kievlyanin ".

In the period 1885-1888 - an official for special assignments of the Ministry of Finance in St. Petersburg, in 1907-1913 - a member of the State Council for the appointment of Nicholas II .

Under the influence of the 1905 revolution, his views shifted to the right. Since 1905, he was the head of the Kiev branch of the Union of Russian People , as well as a member of the Russian Assembly ^[2] . Since 1908 he supported the All-Russian National Union , became one of the founders of the Kiev Club of Russian Nationalists and was elected its honorary member, participated in the creation of the Russian Outlying Society as a founding member ^{[3] [4]} .

Supporter of the inviolability of the noble land tenure and autocracy . It was considered one of the ideologists of the system of "economic nationalism" - restrictions on foreign, local Polish and Jewish capital in favor of Russian ^[5] .

Despite his anti-Jewish beliefs, Pikhno opposed falsifications in the Dreyfus case ^[6] , and then in the Beilis case , publishing in May 1912 a revelatory article by the dismissed investigator Krasovsky (this article became the subject of discussion in the Duma) ^[7] .

Mother - Avdotya Ignatievna, gave birth to her husband seven children - three daughters and four sons ^[8] .

D. I. Pikhno married Maria Konstantinovna Shulgina , widow of the first editor of the Kievites V. Ya. Shulgin , and from childhood raised his son, a prominent figure in the nationalist and monarchist movement V.V. Shulgin . Shulgin’s stepdad developed warm, friendly relations ^{[K 1]} . As Shulgin himself later claimed, the formation of his political views and worldview occurred under the influence of his stepfather, and until his death, Shulgin “looked with his eyes” at all political events in the country ^[9] .

Maria Konstantinovna gave birth to Dmitry Ivanovich two sons - Paul (born in 1880) and Dmitry (born in 1883). Both died in the Civil War ^[10] . After she died of tuberculosis in 1883, before she was forty years old, D. I. Pikhno made friends with her eldest daughter, Pavel Vitalievna Shulgina (1864—?). Since official marriage between them was impossible, Pavel Vitalyevna fictitiously married a friend D.I. Pikhno, a retired colonel Alexander Pavlovich Mogilevsky, taking his last name. She and D.I. Pikhno had three sons - Philip, Alexander and Ivan ^[8] . They bore the surname of the Mogilevsky, not Pikhno. After the revolution, Pavel emigrated, lived in Belgrade.

• Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree (May 15, 1883);
• Order of St. Anne , 2nd art. (1889);
• Order of St. Vladimir 4th art. (1898);
• Order of St. Anne 1st Art. (1908).

• Historical outline of civil penalties under Russian law. - Kiev, 1874.
• Commercial operations of the State Bank. Issue 1. - Kiev, 1876.
• A few words about long-term national credit. - Kiev, 1876.
• “About Chinshev's possession” (in “Proceedings of the Kiev Law Society”, “University News” and “Kievites”, 1877).
• Money circulation and tasks of our credit institutions. - Kiev, 1878.
• A theoretical and practical guide to the statistics of Maurice Block. - St. Petersburg, 1879.
• To the resettlement issue. - Kiev, 1881.
• Commercial and industrial strikes: report read at a meeting of the Kiev Law Society. - Kiev, 1885.
• The law of supply and demand: to the theory of value . - Kiev, 1886.
• Political Economy. - Zhytomyr, 1887.
• Railway tariffs: experience in researching the price of rail transportation . - Kiev, 1888.
• To the reform of monetary circulation. - Kiev, 1896.
• Importance of bread prices for Russia: regarding the book “The Effect of Crops and Wheat Prices on Some Sides of the Russian National Economy”. - Kiev, 1897.
• Regarding the controversy about cheap bread: gg answer Chuprov and Posnikov. - Kiev, 1897.
• The Foundations of Political Economy: A Guide to Lectures . - Kiev, 1899.
• The main needs of Russian agriculture. - Kiev, 1902.
• Revision of the laws on peasants. - Kiev, 1904.
• The highest Decree on Reform December 12, 1904 - Kiev, 1905.
• Emancipation of the peasant land. - Kiev, 1908.
• Financial notes. - Kiev, 1909.
• Representation of Western Russia in the State Council. - Kiev, 1909.

• Pikhno, Dmitry Ivanovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Pikhno Dmitry Ivanovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• Russian Biographical Dictionary : In 25 volumes / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. 1896-1918.
• Biographical Dictionary of professors and teachers of the Imperial University of St. Vladimir, 1834-1884. - Kiev, 1884 .-- S. 553.
• History of Russian economic thought. - T. 2, part 1. - M., 1959, ch. 2.
• State Council of the Russian Empire: 1906-1917. - Moscow: Russian Political Encyclopedia, 2008. - P. 207.

• Babkov D.I. Political activity and views of V.V. Shulgin in 1917-1939 : Diss. Cand. East. sciences. Specialty 07.00.02. - National history. - 2008.
• Krasyukov R. G. Kievites Mogilev - illegitimate children of Dmitry Ivanovich Pikhno (1853-1913) // Russian Genealogical Society Izvestiya Russian Genealogical Society: Journal. - SPb. , 2006 .-- T. 18 .