1581

• For the first time in Moscow and all of Great Russia, a pharmacy has been launched.
• The full Church Slavonic Bible was printed for the first time. In the text of it, however, sometimes there were errors and inaccuracies.
• August 18 - the beginning of the siege of Pskov by Stefan Batory . After a five-month siege, Polish troops were forced to withdraw from Pskov .
• The Swedish detachments of Delagardi occupied Narva and conducted military operations in Karelia.
• Ivan IV introduced the reserved summer season — a period during which in some areas of the Russian state peasant access to the autumn Yuriev day was prohibited.
• After the next raid of the Siberian tribes on Perm Great , the Siberian campaign of Yermak begins.
• The accession of Riga to Poland .
• Finland received the status of the Grand Duchy of Finland as part of the Swedish Empire .
• Education Levant company in England.
• The emergence of the first independent community in Noriche.
• City militias in the north of the Netherlands are denied the right to take part in the resolution of city affairs. July 26 - Philip II officially deposed the states of the northern provinces.
• Accession of Portugal to Spain.
• 1581–1598 - Sigismund Batory, Prince of Transylvania .
• The natural rent tax in China is replaced by a monetary one.
• The failure of the Dutch in Suriname to establish a permanent colony.

See also: Category: Born in 1581

• Usher, James - Irish Anglican archbishop , theologian , biblical historian and collector of historical documents, one of the founders of biblical chronology .
• Bashe de Meziriac, Claude Gaspard - 17th century French mathematician, poet , linguist , translator .
• Heuderrick Browwer is a Dutch navigator and 8th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies . It is considered the pioneer of the direct sea route to Indonesia from the Cape of Good Hope to the Sunda Strait .
• Vincent de Paul is a Catholic saint, the founder of the Lazarists congregation and the daughters of mercy congregation.
• is an English mathematician .
• Domenichino - Italian artist of the Bologna school , mentor Poussin and Lorrain , the predecessor of classicism .
• Morsztyn, Jerome - Polish poet, early baroque writer, translator.
• Juan Ruiz de Alarcon is a Spanish playwright.
• Saint-Cyran is a French church leader, friend and associate of Jansen , head of the French Jansenists .
• Hoft, Peter Cornelisson - Dutch poet , playwright , one of the most typical representatives of the literary Renaissance (“golden age”) in the era of commercial capital.

See also: Category: Dead in 1581

• Bayinnaun - Burmese king from 1551 to 1581.
• November 19 - Ivan Ivanovich , heir to the Russian throne, son of Ivan the Terrible .
• Bertrand, Louis - Catholic saint, missionary from the Dominican order, "Apostle of South America".
• Guru Ram Das is the fourth guru of the Sikhs .
• December 1 - , a saint of the Roman Catholic Church , is one of the “ 40 English and Welsh martyrs ” who suffered during the persecution of Catholics in Great Britain .
• Krishtof Batory - Prince of Transylvania , son of Istvan IV , governor of Transylvania .
• Bed, Guillaume - French philosopher - mystic and humanist .
• Haseki Makhidevran Sultan is the sister of Maesuk Kanukov, the third wife of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent .