Izz ad-Din al-Qassam ( Arabic عزّ الدين القسّام , 1882 , Lattakia - November 20, 1935 ) is an influential Islamic cleric, founder and leader of the Black Hand terrorist organization in Mandatory Palestine . Killed during his capture by the British authorities.
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Biography
Born in the Syrian city of Latakia . In Syria, he took an active part in the fight against the French authorities, for which he was sentenced in absentia to death. He fled to Cairo , where he studied and then taught at Al-Azhar University , where he was greatly influenced by the ideologues of Islam Muhammad Abdo and Rashid Reed . [one]
In 1921 he returned to Syria, and from there he moved to Haifa , where he taught in religious schools.
In 1930 he created the underground military organization "Black Hand" . The purpose of the organization was the killing and terrorizing of Jews in the north of Palestine; in 1930-1935 She killed at least 8 Jews, including 3 members of Kibbutz Yagur and a father with a son from the Nahalal settlement [2] [3] . Arab sources also report that he called for a holy war not only against the “infidel British”, but also against their “Zionist accomplices” [4] . The British authorities have recognized this organization as a terrorist [5] [6] . On November 12, 1935, a group of al-Qassama made an armed intervention in the Jenin area , and the Arabs who collaborated with the mandate authorities or sold land to the Jews were also attacked. [1] On November 20, 1935, Izz ad-Din al-Qassam died during a shootout with British police during his capture after killing a British officer [7] [8] .
Al-Qassam was buried in a Muslim cemetery in Haifa . According to Arab sources, the burial was desecrated in 1999 [9] .
Among the Arabs of Palestine is considered a national hero, because he fought against French rule in Syria , and then against the British and Jews in Palestine. The Izz al-Din al-Qassam brigades and Qassam missiles are named after him.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Schevelev, S. S. Establishment of Arab parties in Palestine on the eve of the Arab uprising of 1936-1939. (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Tally Helfont. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad's US Cell [1988-95 : Propaganda Strategy] (eng.) . Center on Terrorism and Counterterrorism at the Foreign Policy Research Institute (December 2009). The date of circulation is January 21, 2012. Archived March 16, 2012.
- ↑ Lozowick, Yaacov. Right to Exist: A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars. - Doubleday, 2003. - p. 48.
- ↑ Ribhi Side Samara . The Islamic Movement in Palestine: 1928-1988 Archived copy of June 19, 2013 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ Kledja Mulaj. Violent Non-State Actors in World Politics . - Columbia University Press, 2009. - P. 169. - 320 p. - ISBN 0231701209 , 9780231701204.
- Ikh Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam mideastweb.org
- K Mahmoud al-Mabhouh: To Kill a Terrorist - Exclusive Analysis, Daniel Greenfield, February 18, 2010 canadafreepress.com
- ↑ War, Peace and Terror in the Middle East, Israeli Raphael, Routledge, 2003, p.7
- ↑ Welcome To Balad al-Shaykh District of Haifa Archive dated May 11, 2008 on Wayback Machine palestineremembered.com
Literature
- Segev, Tom (1999). One Palestine, Complete. Metropolitan Books, pp. 360-362. ISBN 0-8050-4848-0 .
- Abdullah Schleifer's book on his own . 207–234 p. 229
- Abdullah Schleifer, 'Izz al-Din al-Qassam: The Preacher and Mujahid,' in Edmund Burke (ed.), Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East, IB Tauris, London and New York, 1993 Ch.11 p. 164
- Lachman, Shai (1982). Arab Rebellion and Terrorism in Palestine 1929-39: The Case of Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam and His Movement. in "Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel", edited by Elie Kedourie and Sylvia G. Haim, Frank Cass. London, 76.
- Addullah Schleifer, in Burke, op.cit.p. 166