Argonauts ( dr. Greek Ἀργοναύται , from Αργώ - the name of the ship and ναύτης - the navigator) - in ancient Greek mythology [1], participants in the campaign to Colchis ( Black Sea coast ) on the ship " Argo ".
According to the plot of the legend, the ship was built with the help of Athena , who inserted a piece of sacred century-old oak in its hull, with the rustle of leaves conveying the will of the gods.
Argonauts led by Jason , among whom were the twins of Dioscuri - Castor and Polydeus ( Pollux ), Hercules , Orpheus , Peleus , the soothsayer Pug , Hebrew ( Ευρυτος , the son of Hermes and Antianira , brother of Echion ), Gilas (the favorite of Hercules , his captives, captives carried away into the abyss during the campaign) and Telamon , were to return to Greece the golden fleece of the magic ram taken to Colchis.
Apollodorus provides a list of 45 argonauts [2] . According to Diodorus, who does not give a list, there were 54 in total [3] . According to Theocritus , there were 60 [4] , according to a number of other authors, only 50 [5] . Since the lists contradict each other, more than ninety names of heroes are found in various lists.
Having survived many adventures, the Argonauts fulfilled the assignment and returned the fleece to Greece from Colchis, while the sorcerer Medea , the daughter of the Colchian king Eeta , who Jason later took as his wife, helped to capture the golden rune . According to Hesiod , they sailed along Fasis to the ocean, then arrived in Libya [6] .
Content
- 1 "evidence" of the campaign
- 2 List of Argonauts
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
"Evidence" of the campaign
In Libya was the Gulf of Argoy (later called the Hesperids) [7] . According to some authors, they founded the temple of Hera on Samos , bringing her statue from Argos [8] . According to Neanf of Kizik , the Argonauts founded the sanctuary of the Idean Mother next to Kizik [9] .
Pellen ( Achaea ) had a marina of the Argonauts [10] . On the island of Efalia (that is, Elba ) there was a harbor of Argoos, on the shore of this island there were colorful pebbles from frozen scraps of oil, which the argonauts scraped off themselves [11] .
The Argonauts Choir acted in the tragedies of Aeschylus “Argo or Rowers” (fr. 20 Radt), “Lemniyanki”, “Gipsipila” and the satire drama “Kabira” (fr. 95-97 Radt).
In particular, the historical basis of the myth of the Argonauts is the predatory raids of Greek sailors on the ancient states of the Black Sea coast.
Strabo reports the following:
.... In their country, it is reported that mountain streams bring gold, and barbarians catch it with sieves and shaggy skins. From here, they say, the myth of the Golden Fleece arose.
- Strabo. Geography. Book XI, II, 19
Argonaut List
| Hero | Apollonius of Rhodes, lines | Pseudo-Apollodorus, Listed Number | Valery Flaccus, first line | Gigin, listed number | Other sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Augeus (son of Helios ) | 170-173 | Number 35 | - | Number 41 | - |
| Autolycus (son of Hermes ) | - | Number 19 | - | - | - |
| Admet (son of Feret ) | 48-49 | Number 23 | 444 | Number 06 | Pausanias, Pindar, Sophocles |
| Akast (son of Pelia ) | 222-223 | Number 24 | 485 | Number 67 | - |
| Actor (son of Hippas) | - | Number 22 | - | Number 57 | - |
| Amifaon (son of Krefey ) | - | - | - | - | Pindar |
| Amphiarai (son of Ackle ) | - | Number 14 | - | Number 61 | Stesichore |
| Amphidamant (son Aleia ) | 160—161 | - | 376 | Number 38 | - |
| Amphion (son of Hyperasius) ( see ) | 170-173 | - | 367 | Number 43 | - |
| Ankey (son of Lycurgus) | 162-169 | Number 27 | 413 | Number 40 | Pausanias, Station |
| Ankey (son of Poseidon ) | 185-187 | - | - | Number 45 | - |
| Arg (son of Arrestor) | 110-113 | - | 477 | Number 27 | - |
| Arg (son of Friks ) ( see ) | - | Number 37 | - | - | Pausanias |
| Arius (son of Byant) ( see ) | 117-119 | - | - | - | - |
| Askalaf (son of Ares ) | - | Number 42 | - | - | - |
| Asclepius (son of Apollo ) | - | - | - | Number 60 | Klim. Alex., Sophocles |
| Asterius (son of Hyperasius) ( see ) | 174-176 | - | - | Number 43 | - |
| Asterius (son of Comet) | 35-39 | Number 44 | 355 | Number 03 | Pausanias |
| Atalanta (daughter of Jasus) | - | Number 20 | - | - | - |
| Bellerophon (son of Poseidon) | - | - | - | - | Pelius Games |
| Booth (Teleont's son) | 94-95 | Number 30 | 394 | Number 24 | - |
| Hercules (son of Zeus ) | 121-129 | Number 10 | 354 | Number 29 | Hesiod, Pausanias, Pelius Games |
| Gilas (son of Theodamant) | 130-131 | there is | there is | Number 30 | - |
| Hippalkim (son of Pelop) | - | - | - | Number 59 | - |
| Glaucus (son of Sisyphus) | - | - | - | - | Pelius Games |
| Deucalion (son of Minos) | - | - | 365 | Number 64 | - |
| Evrial (son of Mekisteus) | - | Number 38 | - | - | - |
| Euridamant (son of Cythen) | 66-67 | - | - | Number 12 | - |
| Eurymedont (son of Dionysus) | - | - | - | Number 55 | - |
| Hebrew (son of Hermes) | 50-51 | Number 25 | 438 | Number 07 | Pindar; Pelius Games |
| Eurition (son of Ira) | 73 | - | 378 | Number 17 | - |
| Euphemus (son of Poseidon) | 177-182 | Number 28 | 363 | Number 44 | Pindar, Pausanias |
| Zet (Borean son) | 209-221 | Number 04 | 468 | Number 51 | Akusilai, Pelium Games |
| Ialmen (son of Ares) | - | Number 43 | - | - | - |
| Idas (son of Athareus) | 150-151 | Number 12 | 460 | Number 36 | - |
| Idmon (son of Apollo) | 138-144 | there is | 361 | Number 32 | - |
| Iolaus (son of Iphicles) | - | - | - | Number 63 | Pausanias, Pelius Games |
| Iphiclus (son of Amphitrion) | - | - | - | - | Diodorus |
| Ificle (son of Festius) | 197-199 | Number 36 | 369 | Number 49 | - |
| Ificle (son of Filak) | 44-47 | - | 473 | Number 05 | Pausanias |
| Ifis | - | - | 441 | - | - |
| Ifit (son of Hebrew) | 85-86 | - | - | Number 21 | - |
| Ifit (son of Navbol) | 205-208 | Number 41 | 362 | Number 50 | Diodorus |
| Kalaid (son of Borea) | 209-221 | Number 05 | 469 | Number 52 | Akusilai, Pelium Games |
| Kanf (son of Kanif) | 76-82 | - | 450 | Number 18 | - |
| Castor (son of Tyndareus) | 145-149 | Number 06 | 424 | Number 33 | Pelius Games |
| Keny (son of the Crown) | - | Number 15 | - | Number 66 | - |
| Mullet (son of Deion) | - | - | - | - | Pelius Games |
| Kefey (son of Alea) | 160-161 | Number 17 | 374 | Number 39 | - |
| Kykn (son of Ares) | - | - | - | - | Pelius Games |
| Kios | - | - | - | - | Strabo |
| Klimen (son of Festius) ( see ) | - | - | 369 | - | Diodorus |
| Clitius (son of Hebrew) | 85-86 | - | - | Number 20 | - |
| Coron (son of Kenya) | 60-63 | - | - | Number 10 | Sophocles |
| Laodice (son of Biant) | 117-119 | - | 359 | - | - |
| Laocoont (son of Porfon) ( see ) | 190-193 | - | - | Number 48 | Nonn |
| Laertes (son of Arkessia) | - | Number 18 | - | - | - |
| Leith (son of Alector) | - | Number 40 | - | - | - |
| Linkay (son of Athareus) | 150-154 | Number 13 | 461 | Number 35 | - |
| Melanion | - | - | - | - | Pausanias |
| Meleager (son of Oineus) | 188-189 | Number 26 | 433 | Number 47 | Stesichore, Pelius Games, Nonn |
| Menethius (son of the Actor) | 68-69 | Number 21 | 407 | Number 15 | - |
| Pug (son of Ampick) | 64-65 | - | 383 | Number 11 | Pindar, Pausanias |
| Napplius (son of Clitonia) | 133 | - | 370 | - | - |
| Napplius (son of Poseidon) | - | - | - | Number 31 | - |
| Neleus (son of Poseidon) | - | - | - | Number 62 | - |
| Neofei | - | - | - | - | Pausanias |
| Nestor (son of Neleus) | - | - | 380 | - | - |
| Oileus (son of Leodak) | 74-75 | - | 372 | Number 19 | - |
| Orpheus (son of Eagra) | 24-34 | Number 03 | 470 | Number 02 | - |
| Palemonium (son of Hephaestus) | 200-204 | Number 16 | - | Number 56 | - |
| Peant (son of Tavmak) | - | Number 29 | - | - | - |
| Peleus (son of Eac) | 85-86 | Number 09 | 403 | Number 22 | Pausanias, Pelius Games |
| Peneli (son of Hippalkim) | - | Number 39 | - | - | - |
| Periclimen (son of Neleus) | 155-159 | Number 34 | 388 | Number 37 | Pindar |
| Peel (son of Diodotus) | - | - | - | - | Pelius Games |
| Pirifoy (son of Ixion) | was not | - | - | Number 13 | - |
| Peace (son of Perier) | - | - | - | - | Pausanias |
| Polydeus (son of Zeus) | 145-149 | Number 07 | there is | Number 34 | Pausanias, Pelius Games |
| Polyphemus (son of Elat) | 40-43 | Number 45 | 457 | Number 04 | - |
| Prias (son of Kenya) | - | - | - | Number 54 | - |
| Staphil (son of Dionysus) | - | Number 32 | - | - | - |
| Talai (son of Byant) | 117-119 | - | 358 | - | Stacia |
| Telamon (son of Eac) | 85-86 | Number 08 | 353 | Number 23 | Pelius Games |
| Theseus (son of Aegeus) | was not | Number 11 | - | Number 14 | - |
| Thideus (son of Oineus) | - | - | 387 | - | - |
| Typhus (son of Gagnius) | 104-109 | Number 02 | 417 | Number 26 | Stacia |
| Faler (son of Alcon) | 96-99 | - | 398 | Number 25 | Pausanias |
| Fan (son of Dionysus) | - | Number 31 | - | - | - |
| Feret (son of Krefey) | - | - | - | - | Pindar |
| Philoctetus (son of Peant) | - | - | 391 | Number 65 | - |
| Fliant (son of Dionysus) | 114-116 | - | 411 | Number 28 | - |
| Fock (son of Kenya) | - | - | - | Number 53 | - |
| Ergin (son of Poseidon) | 183-184 | Number 33 | 414 | Number 46 | Pindar |
| Eribot (son of Teleont) | 72 | - | 402 | Number 16 | Pausanias |
| Ephalid (son of Hermes) [12] | 52-54 | - | 437 | Number 09 | - |
| Echion (son of Hermes) | 50-51 | - | 439 | Number 08 | Pindar |
| Jason (son of Eson) | 9-18 | Number 01 | there is | Number 01 | Pausanias |
Total 99 names.
- Apollodorus has 45 (no Gilas and Idmon mentioned after); 31 of them coincide with Apollonius, 16 are eliminated last. The list of Apollodorus has many differences from Apollonius. If Apollonius has 4 pairs of namesakes, then Apollodorus has none, which indicates a more archaic character of the list. In addition, Apollodorus’s unique names are close to the Homeric tradition. Moreover, it is clear that Gigin did not use the list of Apollodorus.
- Apollonius has 55 (of which only 21 in the catalog).
- Valery has 51 names.
- Gigin has 67 (a compilation that has no physical meaning). 2 names are only in Diodorus. Giginus, taking notes of Apollonius, mistakenly mentions Theseus and Pirifoy.
- Plutarch mentions, together with Autolycus, Phlogius and Deileont [13] .
- There are 29 names in all four main lists.
- Theseus's biography usually includes a meeting with Medea during his first visit to Athens, but many years after the Argonauts' campaign, which is incompatible with his presence on the list. Apparently, therefore, in the book of Vera Smirnova “Heroes of Hellas” instead of Theseus among the Argonauts, his “official” father Aegeus (the actual father is Poseidon) is indicated.
Notes
- ↑ Argonauts // Myths of the World : Encycl. in 2 t / hl ed. S. A. Tokarev . - 2nd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1987. - T. 1: AK. - S. 98-100. ; Argonautae // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 140-142.
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library I 9, 18 on
- ↑ Diodorus of Sicily. Historical Library IV 41, 2
- ↑ Theocritus. Idyll XIII 74
- ↑ Lucian. About the dance 52; Orphic Argonautics 118-129; Tsetz. Commentary on "Alexandra" Lycofron 175
- ↑ Hesiod. List of women, fr. 241 M.-U.
- ↑ Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonautics IV 1607; scholia to Lycophron. Alexander // Notes N. A. Chistyakova in the book. Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonautics. M., 2001. P.218
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas VII 4, 4
- ↑ Strabo. Geography I 2, 38 (p. 45)
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas VII 26, 14
- ↑ Lycophron. Alexander 876; Strabo Geography V 2, 6 (p. 224)
- ↑ Obnorsky N.P. ,. Ephalid // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Maksimova M. I. Ancient cities of the southeastern Black Sea region. - M. - L. , 1956 .-- S. 39.
Literature
- Argonauts // Myths of the World : Encycl. in 2 t / hl ed. S. A. Tokarev . - 2nd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1987. - T. 1: AK. - S. 98-100.
- Argonautae // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 140-142.
- Argonauts // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Uspensky L.V. , Uspensky V.V. Golden Fleece: [modern. retelling ]. - 1936. Archived copy of January 19, 2018 on the Wayback Machine
- Dimitris Michalopoulos, Les Argonautes, Paris: Dualpha, 2013, ISBN 978-235-37425-1-6.
- Myth. English lang
- The Orphic Argonautica