Borovsk

The city is surrounded by forests and is located on the hills on both banks of the Protva River, about 15 kilometers from the Balabanovo station of the Kiev direction of the Moscow Railway and 84 kilometers southwest of Moscow .

The first mention of the city is contained in the spiritual letter of Grand Duke Ivan the Red , dated 1358 ^[6] . However, the ceramics found in Borovsky settlement dates back to an earlier time, of the 11th – 13th centuries, which indicates the existence of an ancient Russian settlement here ^[7] . Archaeological excavations and surveys of Borovsk ^[8] show that at a distance of 500-800 meters from each other there were settlements on the left bank of the Protva River (Petrova Gora) and on the right (on the hillfort and in the area of ​​the Diagonal Gully).

Around 1378, Dmitry Donskoy gives Borovsk along with several volosts to Prince Vladimir Khrabrom ^[9] and the city becomes one of the centers of the Serpukhov-Borovsk principality , which lasted until the 3rd quarter of the 15th century.

In the middle of the 15th century, Pafnutiy Borovsky established a large cultural and religious center of the Moscow state on the outskirts of the city - the Pafnutievo-Borovsky monastery . In 1480, Ivan III , who owned the city, was preparing troops near Borovsky for the battle with the Horde.

In 1565, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible divided the Russian state into oprichnina and zemshchina , the city with adjacent lands became part of the latter and reckoned with it until the end of 1567 ^{[10] [11]} .

In the XVII century, Borovsk became the scene of the tragedy of the Old Believers . Archpriest Habakkuk was exiled here , his comrades-in-arms - noblewoman Morozova and her sister Princess Urusova - were placed (and killed there) in the Borovsk prison.

Since 1776, Borovsk is a county town of the Borovsky district of Kaluga governorate (since 1796 - the Kaluga province ) ^[12] . In 1777, the coat of arms of Borovsk was established.

During the Patriotic War of 1812 , the city and Pafnutiev Monastery were burned and devastated by the French. In May 1857, the city was again badly damaged by the fire - 150 houses, 200 shops and several churches burned down.

From 1880 to 1892, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky , who worked here as a teacher, lived in Borovsk. Previously, religious thinker N.F. Fedorov lived and taught here.

Since July 1929, Borovsk has been the center of the Borovsky District of the Kaluga District of the Moscow Region ^[13] .

Since July 1930, Borovsk has been the center of the Borovsky district of the Moscow Region (the Kaluga District, like most other districts of the USSR, was abolished).

Since July 5, 1944, Borovsk has been the center of the Borovsky district of the Kaluga region ^[14] .

Borovsk Defense in the Fall of 1941

Military units and subunits of 5 , 33 and 43 armies of the Western Front and the Moscow Military District took part in the defense ^[15] :

• 113th Rifle Division (former 5th Moscow Rifle Division of the People’s Militia ).
• 110th Rifle Division (former 4th Moscow Rifle Division of the People’s Militia ).
• 312nd Infantry Division.
• 53rd Infantry Division .
• 17th tank brigade .
• 2nd motorized rifle regiment of a separate motorized rifle division for special purposes NKVD them. F. Dzerzhinsky .
• Special cavalry regiment.
• Artillery regiments of the 43rd Army.
• Units of the 151st and 152nd motorized rifle brigades.
• Anti-aircraft artillery group 1 of the Moscow Air Defense Corps.
• Missile artillery divisions of the 12th Guards Mortar Regiment.
• Units of the 22nd tank brigade.
• Separate tank units of the 5th and 43rd armies.
• 40th Borovsky and 41st Podolsky fighter battalions of the NKVD.

Borovsk liberation in the winter of 1942

The city was liberated from German occupation by the troops of the 33rd Army of General M.G. Efremova during the battles, which lasted from December 31, 1941 to January 4, 1942. Borovsk took units of the 113th , 93rd and 201st rifle divisions ^[16] with the support of units of the 338th rifle division.

In 1777 (March 10), the coat of arms of the city of Borovsk was approved, reflecting the feat of Mikhail Volkonsky ^[17] , who died the death of the brave with his soldiers at the hands of the Poles in 1610: “Reminding this incident worthy of remembering, the coat of arms of this city is in a silver field , depicting innocence and sincerity, a scarlet heart, showing fidelity, in the middle of which is a cross expressing true zeal for God's Law, the foundation of all virtue, and this heart is surrounded by a green laurel crown showing indestructibility and firm stay before oynoy glory to this leader and others who died for a just cause with him. " (PSZ of the Russian Empire. T. XX. 1775-1780).

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 900th place out of 1,115 ^[41] cities of the Russian Federation ^[42] .

Print Media

The newspaper Borovsky Izvestia ^[43] is a socio-political publication. It is published twice a week: on Wednesdays and Fridays in 4-12 pages (main newspaper) plus applications. In addition to event materials and a chronicle of events taking place in all spheres of the district’s life, the newspaper has the status of an official publisher of legislative acts of the municipality of the Borovsky District municipality, as well as a number of settlements that are part of it (Borovsk, Asenyevskoye, Sovyaki, state farm Borovsky, Vorsino , Krivsky). Founders: the administration of the municipality of the municipal district "Borovsky district" and the municipal autonomous institution of the Borovsky district "District Information Center" ^[44] . The first issue of the newspaper was published on September 20, 1921. The newspaper has an electronic archive of its issues since 2011 ^[45] .

The newspaper Borovsk is my heart ^[46] is a public newspaper of urban cultural life, history, and tourism. Articles are published on the culture and history of Borovsk and other small historical cities of the Kaluga Territory and the Moscow Region. The permanent column “Memory” tells about famous Borovites - scientists, merchants, warriors and historical figures. The newspaper publishes information about new publications on Borovsk. Published materials related to the development of tourism in Borovsk. The newspaper is distributed free of charge in Borovsk, Obninsk, Kaluga, Balabanov, Moscow. Founders: The Development Fund for Small Historic Cities and the Borovsky Krai Cultural and Historical Center ^[47] . Published since August 2017, the newspaper has a complete electronic archive of its issues ^[48] .

Electronic Media

The transmission of television and broadcasting signals in the city is provided by the Branch of the Kaluga Regional Radio and Television Transmission Center of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “ Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network ”. Broadcasting is conducted from the highest mast in the Kaluga Region, 198 meters high, located in Obninsk ^[49] . Throughout the city, a package of 20 television channels and 3 radio channels in digital format is received: the first multiplex on 52 television channels (722 MHz), the second multiplex on 43 television channels (650 MHz).

Television news broadcasts of the city are held in the TV program Borovsky District: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. The program is broadcast weekly by the official partner of TV Center OJSC of the Obninsk television and radio company Krylya ^[50] .

• Plant of metal structures and industrial equipment "UVS"
• Pilot plant "Vega", a branch of the Center for ship repair " Zvezdochka "
• CJSC Vitasol, production of feed and therapeutic additives for animals, birds and fish
• Textile and knitting enterprises
• Food industry enterprises
• Children's toy factory (closed)
• Production of vans and other commercial vehicles
• The “Disk Pro” factory (produces optical discs; acquired in 2011 by Sony DADC, the factory will release Blu-ray disc games for the PS3 game console ) ^[51] .

Within the city of Borovsk (the village of Institut) is the All-Russian Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition , known for its developments in the field of feeding farm animals, biotechnology of microorganisms, cell and genetic engineering.

The climate in Borovsk is temperate continental, with moderately cold winters (in January about –9 ° С) and warm summers (in July about +18 ° С).

• Pafnutevo-Borovsky Monastery , an ensemble of architectural monuments of the pre-Petrine time (XVI-XVII centuries).
• Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin on Vysokoye: 41, Rabochaya St.
• Museum and Local Lore Complex “Capital City Borovsk” (Borovsky Museum of Local History): pl. Lenin, 7.
• Museum-apartment of K. E. Tsiolkovsky : st. Tsiolkovsky, 49
• Museum and Exhibition Center Borovsk: st. Lenin, 27
• Museum of the History of Borovsk: Sovetskaya St., 6a (Borovskoye fortification)
• Museum of the History of Borovsky Merchants and Entrepreneurship: ul. Lenin, 18
• Museum of Fire Protection of the city of Borovsk: Kaluga St., 95a
• Cultural Center D.A. Zhukova: pl. Lenin, 42
• City Art Gallery. Illarion Pryanishnikov: Sovetskaya st., 6a (Borovsky hillfort)
• Gallery on Molchanovka (workshop and exhibition hall of the Borovsky icon painter and restorer Vladimir Kobzar): pl. Lenin, 25
• Monument to Tsiolkovsky: Sovetskaya St., Borovsky hillfort
• Church of Boris and Gleb (the church was built in 1704, the bell tower in 1819): Communist St., 102
• Chapel-monument at the alleged place of imprisonment and death of the noblewoman Morozova and Princess Urusova: Borovsky settlement
• Monument to Admiral Senyavin, a native of Borovsky Uyezd: pl. Lenin
• City estate of the merchant F.I. Shokin: st. Lenin, 15
• Wall painting of Borovsk
• Ovchinnikov's Starship ^[52]
• Gallery of the repressed

In 2018, the city authorities announced their intention to demolish 17 19th-century mansions in the historical building zone and replace them with modern dummies ^[53] . VOOPIK regarded this action as vandalism and filed a complaint with the prosecutor's office ^[53] . Vladimir Medinsky at the same time stated that the Ministry of Culture would not intervene in the situation, because The status of the historical settlement Borovsk will receive no earlier than next year ^[54] .

On October 4, 2015, the Bank of Russia issued a coin with a face value of 10 rubles “Ancient cities of Russia. Borovsk ".

• Antipov A. A. Living Roots of Russia: Historical and Local Lore Studies / Reviewer: Member of the Union of Architects of the USSR A. S. Dneprovsky. - Borovsk, 1994 .-- 204 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-900346-04-8 . (region)
• Kudryavtsev N.V. Borovsk // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Kanunnikov V.S. Artists of Borovsk. Under the roof of his house: Essays. - Kaluga: Golden Alley, 2016 .-- 256 p.
• Korolev G.I. Borovsk: the city and its inhabitants .. - Moscow: Drevoshilishche, 2013. - 120 p.
• Loshkareva N.P. Holy witnesses of eternity: Temples and monasteries of the city of Borovsk. - 3rd ed. - Kaluga: Golden Alley, 2012 .-- 204 p. - ISBN ISBN 978-5-7111-0423-0 .
• Osipov V.I. In Borovesk, in my fatherland, to a tormented place: Borovsky period of the life of Archpriest Habakkuk, noblewoman Morozova, Princess Urusova. - Kaluga: Golden Alley, 2007. - ISBN 978-5-7111-0418-6 .
• Borovsk 2008 - 2018: Chronicle of the Decade / Comp. THOSE. Rumyantseva N.G. Silaeva. - Borovsk: Borovsk Central District Library, 2018 .-- 244 p.

• Official site of the municipality "Borovsky district"
• Official website of Borovsk
• Official site of the Borovsky Museum of History and Local Lore
• List of cultural monuments of Borovsk in Wikigid
• The book is in memory of the fallen residents of Borovsk during the Great Patriotic War