The Prophet [1] is a small banner in the cavalry [2] troops , with long tails, the personal sign of well-born people.
In Russia, praporas appeared not earlier than the 16th century, originally used by the boyars . In the XVII century, prapor gaining widespread, by the end of the century prapor have all major officials.
The praporets ( badge , weathervane ) called the flag on the spear or the spear itself with the flag [1] ; now the flag on the bayonets of the rifles of the linear companies of the guard of honor. In Poland, the great-grandfather is a pennant .
Content
Etymology
Apparently from the Old Slavic * rorr, connected by the alternation of vowels with the words feather, soar and signifying something volatile, mobile [3] .
Build
The prapors differed in size, image, decoration, and wealth of jewelry.
The ensign consisted of a rectangular middle, to which one, two or three triangular slopes were sewn. The slopes were called tails, yalovtsami and blades. The middle of prapora was trimmed with a border. The slopes were trimmed with a border of a different color. The middle and the escarpment could also be trimmed with a fringe . The shafts are the same as in the hundreds of flags, the tops of the shafts "for a spear business".
Types
The prapors were the sovereigns, boyars and close people, the primary people .
Sovereigns
The sovereign praporas were made of silk fabrics of various colors. Images embroidered or painted in silver , gold and colors.
Sovereign prapora two types. One type of Gosudarev prapor in military campaigns moved along with the royal treasury, they were taken before the royal carts . They always had two slopes. The two -headed eagle (the royal seal ) was depicted on both sides, the sun, the month, the stars and the mythical animals were written on the slopes. Gilded shafts, sometimes painted with colors for gilding. In the top there was a long spear with a thin blade. A slotted image of an eagle was applied to the blade, and an 8-pointed cross above it.
The second type of ensign was hoisted above the royal tent . They were smaller than the first type of ensign, and had one slope. The middle of the rectangular size of 10 or 12 inches. A two-headed eagle with crowns was written in the middle, the sun and the month were depicted in the middle of the eagle. On the slope they wrote a fingerboard, a lion, a flying snake, depicted a grass pattern on the hem. Tops on the spear business, smooth and slotted, iron and copper, gilded, silver and tinned.
Known prapora with images of seals of Astrakhan, Perm, Pskov and Vladimir.
Boyarskie
Boyarsky ensigns were made on the model of the Sovereign ensigns, but in the center they depicted personal and generic seals or other signs at the request of the owner.
Boyarsky ensigns were of two types: large and small. Large boyar ensigns drove before the commander in a military campaign. Small ensigns followed in the boyar wagon train , installed above the boyar tents. Boyarsky prapor (and prapor of close people) were also used at embassy congresses and at negotiations on the exchange of prisoners of war.
Some had several prapor with different images, which indicates their lack of a family coat of arms. Nikita Ivanov Romanov had two ensigns. One of the prapor’s drawings from his collection with the coat of arms of the Lithuanian family of Chodkiewicz with a griffin with a sword served as the basis for creating the coat of arms of the Romanovs in the 19th century. The other according to the inventory of 1687 was “a banner with the following image: three arms stretch out of the cloud at the top: one with a cross, the other with a crown, the third with a sword; in the middle, an eagle is a black taffeta, on it is a red taffeta stamp with an inscription in gold: boyar Nikita Ivanovich Romanov; The border is black with stripes of taffeta of different colors, a circle of multicolored silk fringe ” [4] .
The prapor of hundred heads
The prapors, similar to the boyars, had the heads of the Gosudarev regiment . Sometimes at meetings of foreign ambassadors, the king ordered not to remove the hundredth flags, but to be with his signs to the heads.
In the last quarter of the seventeenth century, the ensigns of hundreds of heads were made in the treasury according to the same pattern. They always had two tails, the middle square was about arshin in length, the length of tails was up to three arshin. In the middle, the sovereign wrote a seal (two-headed eagle), on the slopes depicted a lion, inrog , neck, flying serpent, grass and stars. Such prapor issued only upon appointment to the service.
Streletsky
At the end of the 17th century, the archers of archers' commanders appeared - Streletsky Head .
Streletsky ensigns were built on the model of the boyars, in the center they depicted the Savior and the Mother of God, the faces of the holy saints, the Archangels and the angels . The prapors of colonels , half-colonels , majors and quartermaster with two slopes, prapor captains - with one slope.
See also
- Banner (military)
- Banner
- Flag
- Standard
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Prapor // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl , 2nd Edition, Volume 3 (1882)
- ↑ Banner // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Ф Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary
- ↑ Bobrovsky P. O. History of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment 1683-1725 , Vol. 1 - St. Petersburg., 1900 - P. 33
Literature
- Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl, 2nd edition, volume 3 (1882)
- Russian ancient banners. / / Antiquities of the Russian state. Additions to the III department. Comp. Lucian Yakovlev. Moscow. Synod typography. 1865.
- N. A. Sobolev, A. N. Kazakevich , “Symbols and Shrines of the Russian State.” From-in Olma, 2006. ISBN 5373006041
- Banner // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.