Asians - a name used to refer to the indigenous population of Asia , as well as immigrants from the Asian part of the Eurasian continent, regardless of racial, religious, national or linguistic affiliation. The use of the term Asians varies by country. In several countries of the New World ( Brazil [1] , USA [2] ), the term “ Asians” is a standard designation of immigrants from Asia during a census. Australia uses a slightly more complex system to analyze population censuses, in which Asia is divided into four regions — central and southern; southeast; northeast; The Middle East (including North Africa) [3] . In the CIS countries and Europe, in such cases, a specific nationality is usually used ( Kyrgyz , Chinese , Indians , etc.). The term “Asians” is often mistakenly identified with the term “ Mongoloids ”.
Content
Semantic Variations
In Brazil and the USA, people of the Mongoloid race (that is, Japanese , Koreans , Chinese , etc.) are usually considered Asians. Caucasians (most of them live in West Asia (the Middle East) are considered white [4] [5] [6] , and darker Indians and Malays are generally referred to as “other” in the census. In Great Britain , by contrast, the term “Asian "Is used mainly for Indians, Pakistanis and other peoples of the Hindustan Peninsula. In South Africa during the apartheid era, the Japanese were considered white, and only those from the Indian subcontinent were considered Asians [7] .
History
In the year 375, the Huns , a Central Asian nomadic people, defeated the Ostrogoth empire led by Germanarich . By the end of the 4th century, the Huns reached the borders of the Byzantine Empire . The advance of the Huns westward into the European continent caused a large-scale migration of European peoples, known as the Great Migration of Peoples . Along with the Germanic tribes (the famous German rulers of that time who participated in the conquest and destruction of the Roman Empire can be attributed Alarich ), the Huns participated in campaigns against the Roman Empire . The Huns brought to Europe such a revolutionary invention as a saddle with stirrups firmly fixed on the horse, which allowed them to use both hands during the battle and to direct their horses with their feet. Although the Roman horsemen used light saddles, stirrups were a completely new device in Europe.
In 1237, the Mongols launched a European campaign, which was interrupted in 1241 on the outskirts of Vienna in connection with the death of Ugadei ( Western Campaign ).
Out of places of their traditional residence, immigrants from Asia first appeared long before the era of great geographical discoveries . Thus, America and the islands of the Pacific Ocean were inhabited by immigrants from Asia several thousand years before Columbus . On the coast of northern Africa, even before our era there were many Phoenician colonies (including Carthage ). In the Middle Ages, Arabs settled in northern and eastern Africa .
According to the notions common in the last decades of the 20th century, the ancestors of Europeans came to Europe from Africa through Asia . The Dutch brought Malay slaves to the Cape colony in Africa (the so-called Cape Malays ). Later, after the abolition of slavery in the XIX century, the British and Spaniards hired laborers - coolies in their American colonies. With the increasing mobility of the Asian population since the beginning of the 20th century, waves of economic and political migration of immigrants from the Asian continent led to an increase in the Asian population in developed countries .
Geographical distribution
According to the official State Statistics Committee of the respective countries:
- Argentina 0.5% (200 thousand) (see Asians in Argentina )
- Brazil 0.9 million or 0.7% of the population are Asians in Brazil
- US 5.1% of the population (15.2 million people) - Asians in the United States , including
- Hawaii 38.6% of the population
- California 12.3% of the population
- Canada 11.2% of the population (3.5 million people - Asians in Canada )
- New Zealand 9.2% of the population in 2006 (census) compared with 6.6% in 2001 (census)
- South Africa 2.5% (1.2 million - Asians in South Africa )
- 6.7% of Australia's population (1.6 million are Asians in Australia )
Notes
- ↑ Question 4.08 of the 2000 Brazilian Census [1] (unavailable link)
- ↑ 1990 Census: Instructions to Respondents . Date of treatment July 27, 2008. Archived March 15, 2012.
- ↑ 1249.0 - Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2005-06 . Date of treatment July 27, 2008. Archived March 15, 2012.
- ↑ 2000 Census of Population, Public Law 94-171 Redistricting Data File: Race (link not available) . US Census Bureau . Date of treatment January 5, 2010. Archived on October 20, 2004.
- ↑ Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity . Date of treatment March 16, 2010. Archived March 15, 2012.
- ↑ Definition of a White person in US and UK
- ↑ Honorary Whites , Time (Jan 19, 1962).
See also
- Mongoloid race