Rogans

The history of Roganov goes back many centuries. Benedictine Maurice de Bobou in the XVII century produced them from Conan Meriadek - the legendary King Armorika under the emperor Theodosius . The first Viscount de Rogan title was taken by Alain I , mentioned by chroniclers under the year 1128. He probably came from the Frankish clan, whose ancestor was Gyuetnos de Poroet . His descendants, as a rule, bore the family name Alain with the addition of a serial number.

In addition to Rohan, the possessions of the first Rogans included Poroet county and the castle of Josselin , which the barons chose as their main residence. In addition, from time to time the Vicomontism of León (the most western tip of Brittany) fell into the hands of Roganov. In 1148-1154, Ed II de Poroet ruled Brittany as duke- regent with his son-in-law and pupil, Conan IV .

During the 15th century, the value of Roganov in the life of the Duchy of Breton steadily grew, partly because they were spared from the ancient rivalry with the barons of Laval (whose titles and possessions passed to Montmorency) and the Clissons (this genus has disappeared). Alain IX (d. 1462), being the son-in-law of the Duke of Breton Jean the Brave , rebuilt Zhoslene's castle , which has since not been inferior in size to the castle of the Breton dukes in Nantes .

Alain IX was able to increase the prestige of the family and at the expense of successful marriages. He married his grandson to the daughter of the Duke of Francis of Breton, and gave his daughters to Count Angouleme (their grandson ascended to the French throne under the name of Francis I ) and to Jean d'Albret ( their grandson ruled Navarre ). These marriages marked the beginning of the proximity of Rogans with the Navarre and Angouleme sovereign houses . The last of the representatives of the Roganov main line - the great-grandson of Alain IX, Viscount Jacques de Rogan - died in 1527 childless.

Line Rogan-Gier ( Fr. Rohan-Gié ), separated from the line Gemene, was founded cousin nephew Alain IX - Pierre de Rogan-Gie (1453-1513). As Marshal of France and educator Francis I, he played a significant role under King Louis XII . Invaluable was his participation in the organization of the marriage of the king with Anna of Brittany , which was not at all inclined to such a union, which meant the accession of Brittany to France. Thanks to Rogan's efforts, the marriage took place, but the queen avenged in 1504, accusing him of insulting the majesty , according to which Marshal Rogan was imprisoned for life in the castle of Dreux .

He escaped the death penalty thanks to the influence and connections of his son Francois, in 1501-1536, the archbishop of Lyons . His role in the disgrace of Rogan and played his fight with the House of Lorraine for the legacy of the Duke of Nemurskogo . A year before the disgrace, he married the daughter of the duke, and her sister was married to his son Charles de Rohan, who on this occasion assumed the title of Count de Guise . Subsequently, he traded the city of Orbeck in Normandy with the Lorings at Guise (for more information, lords, earls and dukes of Guise ).

From marriage to the daughter of the Neapolitan prince Sanseverino, Charles de Rogan had two daughters, Claude de Turi and Jacqueline de Rothlen. The first one remained in history as the metress of Francis I, who, for her, is thought to have conceived the expansion of Chambord , the second - as the spouse of the duke de Longville , who for several decades ruled the Neuchatel principality in Switzerland . Their brother, Francois de Rogan, had no male offspring from marriage to the heiress of the county of Rochefort ; after his death, the Vicotte and Count titles were transferred to his nephew, René I, who fell in 1552 near Metz .

René de Rogan-Jier was married to Isabella d'Albre, the only sister of the Navarre king Jean d'Albre , thanks to which this branch approached the throne of Navarre and passed into Calvinism . Moreover, in the event of the death of Heinrich of Navarre before the birth of Louis XIII in 1601, the crown of Navarre would pass to one of the Rogans as the closest relative. Because of this, the descendants of Rene I wore the title of “first princes of blood ” in the Kingdom of Navarre, and after the conversion of Heinrich of Navarre to Catholicism they began to be considered as leaders of local Huguenots . The love story of the daughter of Rene and Isabella, Francoise de Rogan, to the Duke of Nemours, formed the basis of one of the first novels of the modern type, " Princess of Cleves " Madame de Lafayette (1678).

The last representatives of this branch of Roganov were the younger son of Rene I, Rene II de Rohan (1550–1586), his wife Catherine de Parthene (famous poetess) and their sons Henri de Rohan and Benjamin de Rohan . Their residence was the castle of Blain in the Loire Valley . Having ascended to the French throne, Henry IV granted all the relatives ducal titles: Henri became the Duke of Rogan, Benjamin became the Duke of the Front, and their aunt Françoise became the Duchess of Lden (the last two titles were not officially registered). Henry's sister was married to Wittelsbach , the count- doctor of Zweibrücken .

Henri de Rogan , named after Heinrich of Navarre, from a young age was regarded as the leader of the Huguenots. He spent his first youth in England at the court of Elizabeth I , was the godfather of Karl Stewart , on his return home he married the daughter of the powerful Sully , distinguished himself on the battlefields, successfully besieged Julich (1610). After the death of Henry, he and his brother (a student of Moritz of Orange ) rebelled against the Paris court (see the siege of La Rochelle ). Following the suppression of the uprising, the younger Rogan fled to England, and the eldest to Venice, where he made plans for accession to Cyprus . He left behind a memoir .

Rogan-Shabo

The only daughter of Henri de Rogan-Gier, Princess Margaret, after his death in one of the battles of the Thirty Years War, was the heir to huge family estates (Poret and Lorge counties, Blen and Lagarnes marquises, the principalities of León and Subiz). Contrary to the established practice, she refused to marry a representative of another branch of the clan (for they did not support her father in conflict with the king), but brought them into the dowry to her elect Henri de Chabot, a humble nobleman from Poitou .

Since then, their descendants wore the title of Duke of Rogan, with the permission of the king who took the name of Rohan-Shabo ( Rohan-Chabot ). Representatives of the Gemene branch could not accept the loss of the title and until 1704 tried to sue him from the “pseudo-Rogans” from the house of Shabo. When the case was lost, the king compensated them by granting the title of Duke of Rogan-Rogan. Representatives of the house of Shabo did not play the first roles in the old regime . Is that the grandson of Henri de Chabot, Guy Auguste, famous for the quarrel with Voltaire , which led to the imprisonment of the latter in the Bastille .

The main residences of the Dukes of Rogan are the medieval castle of Josselin in Brittany and the Norman manor Laroschiyon ( Château de La Roche-Guyon ), which they inherited in 1792 from the Duke Larohgiyon of the Larochefoucault clan. They traditionally take an active part in the political life of Republican France, one of them died in 1875 as envoy in London , and until 2008 the current Duke headed the Union for a Popular Movement in the Senate .

The lineage of Rogan-Gemene ( fr. Rohan-Guéméné ), the eldest genealogist in the genus, originates from the second marriage of Baron Jean de Rogan (grandfather of Alain IX) with the sister of King Navarra of Charles the Evil . The barons of Gemene, who bore the family name Louis with the addition of a serial number, gave such an origin to the Navarra kings of the house of Evreux that they added to their coat of arms the heraldic symbols of the county of Evreux and Navarre. Their possessions included the seniors of Gemene and Lanvo ; later they also acquired Monbazon (a place in Touraine ). Rogans from Gemene were close to Lavalals from the Montmorency family; this intimacy was sealed by numerous marriage unions.

The importance of this lineage increased after Louis IV de Rogan-Gemene married in 1511 to the heiress of Alain IX, Maria Roghan, and after the death of her brother, became the eldest in the house of Roganov. Thanks to the participation in the struggle of Henry III against the Catholic League, his descendants became first graphs, and from 1588 and the dukes de Monbazon. Herzog Hercule de Monbazon (1568-1654), the governor of Picardy and Paris , was wounded during the attack of Ravagliak on King Henry IV, with whom he was in the same carriage. His daughter was the duchess Chevreuse , famous for her intelligence, beauty and political influence.

Rogan-Soubis

After Hercule de Rogan, the house of Rogan-Gemene split into two branches - Monbazonov and Subiz. The younger branch, Rogan-Subizov, lasted until the French Revolution. Her ancestor was the younger son of Hercule, Francois de Rogan (1630-1712), comte de Rochefort, prince de Soubise, governor of Champagne , Berry and Brie , who built in Paris the mansion of Subis - the birthplace of the Rococo style . He was married to the daughter of Henri de Chabot, who inherited the title of Duke Rogan.

The proximity of his wife with the " sun king " gave rise to rumors that their son, Cardinal Armand-Gaston de Rogan-Soubise , was an illegitimate son of the king. In 1704, Armand-Gaston was elevated to the rank of prince-bishop of Strasbourg (with the addition of the ancient court rank of the merciful gentleman ), which members of the Roganov house will occupy throughout the 18th century. His task was to eradicate in Strasbourg "Lutheran heresy and German mores." He erected in the capital of his principality the famous palace of Roganov , which, together with all the titles, after his death passed to his great-nephew.

Reaching the pinnacle of power in the reign of Louis XV , Rogans began to claim the origin of the male line from the crowned heads. Francois de Rogan narok his eldest son Meriadek in memory of the legendary ancestor of the house Roganov. In 1714, the estate of Hercules-Mériadeck de Rogan-Soubise, Fronnées under Niór , was declared king duchy of Rogan-Rogan. His son Jules, born married to the heiress of the Duchy of Vantadour , died young. All titles of Rogan-Subiz, including the title of Duke Vantadour, were inherited by Jules's son from marriage with the heiress of the Principality of Epenois from the most distinguished Melen family - Charles de Rogan-Subise (1715-1787).

From his childhood, this last of the Subezs predicted a brilliant career. He grew up in Versailles with Louis XV, Madame Pompadour patronized him, his sister ( Madame de Marsan ) was in charge of educating the future Louis XVI and Louis XVIII . Prince de Soubise had a reputation as a free-thinker (he corresponded with Voltaire), a gourmet (soup and sauce were named after him), and a womanizer (among his love victories, Marie-Madeleine Guimard, the first dancer of the Royal Academy of Music ). He was married three times - and all three times not to French nationals, but to representatives of sovereign houses of Europe. During the Seven Years' War, he commanded the French army, but without much success - was defeated by Frederick the Great under Rosbach .

Rogan-Monbazon

Marshal Subiz had two daughters, of whom the eldest (mother of heir to the duchy of Bouillon ) married Prince Condé , and the youngest married a distant relative, the 8th Duke of Monbazon. Rogan-Montbazon descend from Louis VIII de Gemeny, the eldest son of Hercule de Monbazon. This aristocrat was somewhat in the shadow of his active wife (and cousin), Duchess Anne de Saint-Maur , famous for Jansenism and participation in the Fronde . Detractors said that none of the many lovers of this lady did not end up with good - some laid their heads on the scaffold (like Count Montmorency-Butville , father of Marshal of Luxembourg ), others - made scores with life (like King's cousin, Count of Soissons ).

The later years of Anna's life were overshadowed by the misfortunes of her younger son, Louis de Rogan (1635–1674), who, with his unlimited lifestyle, brought Louis XIV to disfavor and joined the conspiracy, which was intended to surrender to the Dutch, for money, Kilbeuf . The plot was uncovered, and Rogan ended his life on the scaffold. The eldest son, the 4th Duke of Monbazon, and his successor, the 5th Duke, did not show anything outstanding. Of the sons of the 5th Duke, two were archbishops , one in Strasbourg, the other in Reims (it was he who laid the crown on Louis XV's head). The 7th Duke of Monbazon, during the revolution, fled to his wife's nephew in Bouillon , and the wife Marie Louise de la Tour d'Auvergne ended her life on the guillotine .

More remarkable are the sister of the 7th duke (after the Spanish prince Masserano of the Fieschi clan) and his brothers, who have chosen a spiritual career. Louis de Rogan (1734–1803) - the gracious charmer of France and the prince-bishop of Strasbourg - compromised himself with an unseemly role in the queen's neck case. Ferdinan Maximilian de Rogan (1738–1813) - Archbishop of Bordeaux and Cambrai , confessor of the Empress Josephine , builder of the episcopal palace in Bordeaux (now the mayor’s office). He had children born out of wedlock from the illegitimate daughter of another prelate - the younger Stewart pretender to the British throne; they lived in Scotland .

Rogan-Rochefort

The only son of the 7th Duke, the 8th Duke of Monbazon, owing to a wasteful life and passion for the game owing creditors of 33 million francs, declared himself bankrupt . He was forced to leave the luxurious mansion of Rogan-Hemene in the Place des Vosges and hired to serve the Hapsburgs . Leaving revolutionary France, the Rogans were warmly welcomed in Bohemia . The emperor endowed them with the princely dignity of the Holy Roman Empire . The Sykhrov Palace in the Liberec Region became the family nest of the Austrian Rogans. With the permission of the Congress of Vienna, they were fighting with the heirs of La Tour d'Ouverney for possession of the Duchy of Bouillon .

The son of the 8th duke was married to the daughter of the last duke of Courland , Wilhelmina Sagan , and his brother the 10th duke had a daughter from his relationship with Wilhelmina's sister, Polina . The grandson of one of Wilhelmina’s husbands, Prince Trubetskoy , was later married to princess Stephanie Rogan. The 8th Duke had no grandchildren; with the death of the 10th Duke in 1846, the elder branch of Roganov’s house was cut short in the men's knee, and their ownership and titles passed to the representatives of the younger branch, Roganov-Roshforov, whose head called himself Prince de Montobon.

Several Austrian generals, the spouse of the Duke of Enghien (secretly married to him a month before his execution) and princess Bert Rogan (1868–1945), the object of the Carlists' hatred because of the influence she had on the spouse, the Duke of Madrid, came from the family of Rogan-Rochefort . Now the head of the family is Prince-Duke Karl Alan (born 1934), who has a daughter. Other members of the genus living in the United States are descended from morganatic marriages with unequal ones.

In the Middle Ages, two side branches separated from the main tree of Roganov did not play a significant role in French history. The barons de Zouche ( Zouche ) were in the service first at the Plantagenets , then at the other English kings. The last representative of this genus was the 11th Baron Zush (1556-1625), who served as guardian lord of the five ports under Jacob I.

The Rohan-Polduc branch was cut short on Emmanuel de Rohan (1725-97) - the penultimate master of the Order of Malta , who is named after a fortress and a city in Malta . It was he who began the rapprochement of the Knights of Malta with Russia , which led to the fact that Emperor Paul I became the Master.

• Rogan, princely family // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rogans
• Genealogical painting house Roganov
• BLKÖ: Rohan, die Fürsten, Genealogie // Biographical Dictionary of the Austrian Empire (German) .