Democratic centralism

Democratic centralism is a form of government (along with federalism , autonomy and bureaucratic centralism ), based on the mandatory decision of higher authorities for lower ones with the election of all bodies and accountability to their lower ones. Under democratic centralism, all parliamentary decrees are binding on all local councils, while local councils themselves are elected by the population; Cabinet decisions are also binding on local administrations, with local administrations elected by local councils and accountable to both local councils and the cabinet or higher local administration. The term was introduced by Lenin in the work of State and Revolution ( 1917 ).

Examples of democratic centralism are Italy (since 1947), Poland, Norway, Portugal, the Far Eastern Democratic Republic, and is also declared in the DPRK, PRC, SRV, Lao PDR, declared in the GDR, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, the SRR, the USSR. It is an antagonist of bureaucratic centralism, in which local administrations are appointed by the head of state, and local councils at a number of levels can either be absent or be an advisory body. Also, unlike a federation, in a democratic centralist state there is only one constitution, uniform laws, citizenship and the judiciary.

Also a way of organizational structure of parties and public associations based on the same principles. Unlike the federation, the democratic centralist parties have a single program and a single charter, the decisions of the party congress are binding on local conferences and all party members, while all local party governing bodies are elected and accountable to both the local conference and the central governing body of the party. At the moment, all parties have a device either in the form of democratic centralism or a federation. The principle of democratic centralism formally formed the basis of the Statutes of the CPSU and the Komsomol , the idea of ​​democratic centralism was one of the ideas in the " party of a new type ", along with such a denial of " free membership " expressed and implemented in Russia only by the Bolsheviks.