The Maurits , or Congregation of St. Maur ( French Congrégation de St. Maur ) - existed since 1618, the French scholarly congregation of the Order of the Benedictines , received its name from St. Moor (d. 565), one of the direct disciples of St. Benedict .
It was dissolved in 1790 by a decision of the French revolutionary Constituent Assembly .
Content
History
The founder of the Mauritian society was the learned monk Didier de La Cour . In 1618 it was officially approved. The innovations that entered the congregation had to study theology and philosophy specially for five years, then they entered one of the academies of the order as teachers or for cabinet scholars to appoint a prior. The principle of the division of labor was often applied: one collected the material, the other brought it into the system, the third processed it, the fourth prepared it for printing, the fifth observed printing and adjusted the publication. All worked in addition to caring for personal glory, for the good of the church and the honor of the order.
At first, the congregation took up the history of the order, its monasteries and its great figures; then the scope of work was expanded and the Moorists rendered great services to history and archeology in general - collecting and publishing manuscripts from ancient literature, especially Christian.
The Moorists often had to engage in controversy against the Trappists , who looked at scientific studies as a matter incompatible with the monastic rank, and the Jesuits, who in the publication of non-church literature monuments saw danger to the church and "a step towards unconditional freedom of reason."
In the era of its greatest distribution, the Maurists totaled up to 120 monasteries. In the era of the first French revolution, the congregation ceased to function.
Representatives
The most famous of the Maurits:
- Asheri, Luke (1609-1685)
- Bouquet, Martin (1635-1754)
- Mabillon, Jean (1632-1707)
- Martin, Edmond (1654-1739)
- Monfocon, Bernard de (1655-1741)
- Tulle, Vincent (1685-1736)
- Poirier, Germain (1724-1803)
Value
The Mauritians made excellent editions, mainly from manuscripts, of the writings of Athanasius of Alexandria , Gregory of Nazianzus , Cyril of Jerusalem , John Chrysostom , bl. Augustine , Leo the Great , Gregory Dvoeslov . They also published a lot of monuments and works related to the ancient history of Greece and Rome and the medieval history of Byzantium and Western Europe.
The Maurists developed rules for establishing the authenticity of the place and time of the preparation of the document, laid the foundation for paleography , diplomacy and other auxiliary historical disciplines.
Links
- Mavrinians // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.