Yuon, Konstantin Fedorovich

Origin and family

Born on October 24, 1875 in Moscow, in a German-Swiss family. Father is an employee of an insurance company, later its director; mother is an amateur musician.

Brother - composer P.F. Juon , professor at the Berlin Conservatory , after the revolution, remained in Germany, from where, after Adolf Hitler came to power, he emigrated to his historical homeland, to Switzerland, where he died.

Before the Revolution

From 1892 to 1898, Konstantin Yuon studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture . His teachers were such masters as K. A. Savitsky , A. E. Arkhipov , N. A. Kasatkin .

After graduating from college, Yuon worked for two years in the workshop of V. A. Serov . Then he founded his own studio, in which he taught from 1900 to 1917 together with I.O. Dudin . His students were, in particular, A.V. Kuprin , V.A. Favorsky , V.I. Mukhin , the Vesnin brothers , V.A. Vatagin , N.D. Collie , A.V. Grishchenko , M.G. Reuter , N. Terpsikhorov , Yu. A. Bakhrushin .

In 1903, Yuon became one of the organizers of the Union of Russian Artists . He was also a member of the World of Art association.

Since 1907 he worked in the field of theatrical scenery, in particular, he was involved in the design of the production of the opera Boris Godunov in Paris , as part of Sergei Diaghilev 's Russian Seasons .

Before the revolution, the main theme of Yuon's work was the landscapes of Russian cities ( Moscow , Sergiev Posad , Nizhny Novgorod and others) executed in a special manner, permeated with light, with a broad perspective, depicting churches, women in folk costumes, will take on traditional Russian life.

Very famous, for example, is the painting “Domes and Swallows. Assumption Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra "(1921). This is a panoramic landscape, painted from the bell tower of the cathedral on a clear summer evening, at sunset. Under the tender sky, the earth is prospering, and in the foreground are shining sunlit domes with golden patterned crosses. The motive itself is not only very effective, but also symbolizes the significant cultural and historical role of the church ^{[3] [4]} .

After the Revolution

After the revolution, Konstantin Yuon remained in Russia. In response to revolutionary events, Yuon created the painting “New Planet” ^[5] , the interpretations of which by art critics vary to the exact opposite. In Soviet times, it was believed that Yuon portrayed on him "the cosmos-building significance of the Great October Socialist Revolution." In modern Russia, it was reproduced, in particular, on the cover of the book of Ivan Shmelyov “The Sun of the Dead”, which describes the Red Terror in Crimea .

In another "cosmic" picture "People" (1923) we are also talking about creating a new world.

In 1925, Yuon became a member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AHRR). In 1923 he completed the painting "Parade of the Red Army" (1923).

In 1948 to 1950, the artist worked as the director of the Research Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts of the Academy of Arts of the USSR . In addition to working in the pictorial genre, he continued to engage in the design of theatrical productions, as well as graphics.

In 1951 he joined the CPSU (b) .

From 1952 to 1955 he taught as a professor at the Moscow Art Institute. V.I. Surikova , as well as in a number of other educational institutions. Since 1957 he was the first secretary of the USSR Union of Artists .

C.F. Yuon died on April 11, 1958. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery (plot number 4) ^[6] .

• Ivanov, Gerasim Petrovich (1918-2012)
• Kruchenykh, Alexey Eliseevich (1886-1968)
• Melamud, Shaya Noevich (1911-1993)
• Popova, Lyubov Sergeevna (1889-1924)
• Rozanova, Olga Vladimirovna (1886-1918)
• Skulme, Otto (1889-1967)
• Stepanova, Varvara Fedorovna (1894-1958)
• Strakhov, Andrei Alexandrovich (1925-1990)
• Udaltsova, Nadezhda Andreevna (1886-1961)
• Falileev, Vadim Dmitrievich (1879-1950)
• Falk, Robert Rafailovich (1886-1958)
• other.

• "Russian Winter. Ligachevo ", 1947 Tretyakov Gallery
• “To the Trinity. March ", 1903, State Tretyakov Gallery
• The Blue Bush, 1907, State Tretyakov Gallery
• "Spring sunny day", 1910, State Russian Museum
• “Spring evening. Rostov the Great ”, 1906, Serpukhov Museum of History and Art (SIHM)
• "Sergiev Posad", 1911, is written from the window of the Old Lavra Hotel. In the TsAK MPDA collection.
• The Sorceress-Winter, 1912
• March Sun, 1915, State Tretyakov Gallery
• "Domes and Swallows", 1921, State Tretyakov Gallery
• "New Planet", 1921, State Tretyakov Gallery
• "Moscow Region Youth", 1926; Timing
• “Before joining the Kremlin in 1917. Trinity Gate ”, 1927. GTsMSIR .
• “The first collective farmers. In the sun », 1928, State Tretyakov Gallery
• Moscow Salutes, 1945
• “Opened window”, 1947, State Tretyakov Gallery
• “Storming the Kremlin in 1917” 1947, State Tretyakov Gallery
• "Parade on Red Square in Moscow on November 7, 1941", 1949, State Tretyakov Gallery
• "Morning of industrial Moscow", 1949, State Tretyakov Gallery
• “The end of winter. Noon ", 1929, State Tretyakov Gallery
• March Sun, 1915, State Tretyakov Gallery

Theatrical performance

• the opera Boris Godunov by M. P. Mussorgsky , 1912-13, Champs Elysees Theater, Paris, entreprise by S. P. Diaghilev;
• play “ Egor Bulychov and others ” by M. Gorky , 1934, Moscow Art Theater;
• opera Khovanshchina by M. P. Mussorgsky, 1940, Bolshoi Theater, Moscow.

Motion Picture

• Ivan Nikulin - Russian sailor , 1944

Cartoon Artist

• Chestnut , 1952

• Moscow in my work, M., 1958;
• About art, t. 1-2, M., 1959.

• Stalin Prize of the first degree ( 1943 ) - for many years of outstanding achievements in art
• Order of Lenin (10.25.1945)
• 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1943; 12/27/1955)
• Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1926)
• People's Artist of the RSFSR (1945)
• People's Artist of the USSR (1950)

At the Moscow house in which he lived and worked ( Ulitsa Zemlyanoy Val , 14-16), a memorial plaque was installed.

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  Postage stamp USSR , 1965: the painting "Moscow Salutes."

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  Postage stamp USSR, 1975: the painting "The Morning of Industrial Moscow".

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  Postage stamp USSR, 1975: 100 years since the birth of K. F. Yuon.

• Apushkin, Y. V., K. F. Yuon, M., 1936;
• Tretyakov N., K.F. Yuon, M., 1957;
• K.F. Yuon. Man, artist, public figure. Educator. [Collection catalog], M., 1968;
• Nordstein T. Konstantin Yuon. Album. L., 1972
• Romashkova L. Konstantin Yuon. Album. M., 1973;
• K.F. Yuon, Birth Centenary, 1875-1975, M., 1976.
• Sokolnikov M.P. Jubilant beauty of the Fatherland (K.F. Yuon) // Landscapes of the Motherland: Essays on the masters of painting / M.P. Sokolnikov; Foreword by the People's Artist of the RSFSR A. Kamanin . - M .: Fine Arts , 1980. - S. 28-38. - 195 p. - 10,000 copies. (in per.)
• Osmolovsky Yu., K.F. Yuon, M., 1983.

• Yuon Konstantin Fedorovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• Gallery of paintings by Konstantin Yuon