Hand-to-hand combat

Hand-to-hand combat in Russian military training (until 1917 )

Hand-to-hand combat in the Russian army and police developed mainly in three areas:

• In the army, the lower ranks mainly studied the technique of bayonet fighting. Unarmed combat (punches, throws, painful moves) was considered part of the bayonet battle and was less important in comparison with the study of bayonet techniques.
• In the army, fencing with a sword (until the second half of the 19th century ) was studied by officers, a saber , a saber and a spear by officers and lower ranks. The police studied saber and saber fencing.
• Since the end of the XIX century , the police studied the struggle of ju-jitsu .

Hand-to-hand combat in army training (before 1941)

Bayonet battle on a postage stamp of the USSR , 1943

On the eve of the war, hand-to-hand combat was taught on the basis of instructions and guidelines. At the same time, departmental melee systems were developed. The training was based on the art of bayonet fighting. Separately studied the methods of battle against the unarmed enemy, and the enemy armed with firearms and melee weapons. Separately, to perform special. tasks, the art of knife fighting was taught. Since the early 1930s hand-to-hand combat is included in the training program of the NKVD troops . With the opening of the section, in the mid 1940s. at the DSO Dynamo, hand-to-hand combat also acquires a sports orientation. ^[one]

Hand-to-hand combat as martial arts

During the ban on karate in the USSR since 1984, many karate trainers became trainers on the river. b. , This was especially easy for sections in the Dynamo society, in the police and the army. Since the late 1980s in Russia, intra-departmental and extra-departmental competitions have been held in sports at various levels. Since 1986, the All-Russian Federation of hand-to-hand combat has been operating in Russia. At present, Russia also has the Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Fighting of Russia , the International Federation of Full-Contact Hand-to-Hand Fighting , the All-Russian Federation of Sports Hand-to-Hand Fighting, as well as several federations of Russian hand-to-hand combat.

Hand-to-hand combat nowadays

The concepts “Hand-to-hand combat of the KGB of the USSR” and “Russian (Soviet) operational karate” (according to the version of the KGB of the USSR ) are almost equivalent. Hand-to-hand fighting also began to be called their technique those who were not attracted by oriental exoticism, and in the martial arts they were looking for an applied aspect . There are also a number of styles that position themselves as successors of certain Old Russian and Old Slavic traditions, but their attitude to the techniques and teaching methods in military units of those historical periods to which they refer is controversial and, most often, is not confirmed by anything. Thus, these systems can be safely called copyright. Hand-to-hand combat is being actively developed by organizations of Afghan war veterans. In 2003, the International Federation of Full Contact Hand-to-Hand Fighting was created in Kislovodsk.

Hand-to-hand combat in ЕВСК is considered as part of the training system for soldiers of various departments, including the army ( Army hand-to-hand combat ). Complex competitions are held in two rounds. In the first round (demonstration competitions), the technique of defense against an armed (pistol, knife, stick) opponent is demonstrated, in the second (test-qualification) fights in ammunition (gloves, helmet, feet, kimono) are held.

There are less harsh sports in hand-to-hand combat. Many also refer to them various areas of non-power structures and martial arts, which, according to some experts, is incorrect.

• Army hand-to-hand combat
• Traditional hand-to-hand combat
• Martial arts
• Sambo
• Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
• Operational karate
• Knife fight
• Kudo

• On approval of the rules of the sport “Hand-to-hand combat” , Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation , Order No. 916 of November 19, 2014