Rowing

The International Rowing Federation ( FISA ) - organizes and conducts rowing competitions in the Olympic Games program, improves the competition system, holds world championships, oversees international competitions and works to develop the sport, expand its geography, improve competition rules, and rowing training methods inventory and development of water tourism. This work is carried out by the relevant commissions as part of FISA.

There is no ideal rowing technique; each “academician” has his own technique based on different feelings and ideas about rowing. The trainer's task is to maximize the adaptation of the individual rowing technique of the athlete to various conditions.

Row

There are two main points in the stroke technique - the beginning (also “hook” or “grab”) and the end of the stroke. Both of them affect the balance, speed and trajectory (both horizontal and vertical) of the boat. With an increase in the crew (that is, rowers in the boat), the value of these two points increases, since in the "ideal" the moment of the beginning and end of the stroke of all crew members should be the same, in fact, the difference between the rowers (for professional rowers) in one crew at the beginning (or end), the stroke is a few hundredths, and sometimes thousandths of a second.

Rowing competitions are held among men and women. Rowing is divided into doubles and rowing. Pair rowing is performed with two oars, rowing with one oar. The composition of the boat is one, two, four or eight rowers. In some classes, the weight of the athlete is limited.

Since 1996, competitions in the Olympic program have been held in 14 classes:

• Singles - female (W1x), male (M1x);
• Doubles - women's (W2x), men's (M2x);
• Fours pair - female (W4x), male (M4x);
• Double oars without steering - women (W2-), men (M2-);
• Four oar without steering - female (W4-), male (M4-);
• Eight oar - female (W8 +), male (M8 +);
• Lightweight doubles - women's (LW2x), men's (LM2x);

Classes of boats in rowing, not included in the program of the Olympic Games, but participating in the program of the World Championships:

• Lightweight Singles - Female (LW1x), Male (LM1x);
• Lightweight pair fours - female (LW4x), male (LM4x);
• Lightweight double deuces - female (LW2-), male (LM2-);

In parentheses are the international class designations.

The helmsman's weight is limited (if it is less than the norm, then ballast is put in the boat), and its gender does not depend on the gender of the crew. In a female crew, there may be a male helmsman, and vice versa. The exception is the Olympic Games (all athletes in the crew must be of the same gender).

Occasionally, mixed fours and eights, half consisting of women and men, are also held at commercial tournaments.

Rowing differences

In rowing, rowing oars are clearly distinguished (rowing with two oars at the same time) and rowing oars (rowing with only one oar).

Paddle rowers are divided into rowers (paddle on the right) and tank (paddle on the left). Calculations show: in order to avoid the wobble of the boat, the rowing should apply 5% more effort than the tank ones; in the fours and eights of the strongest zagrebny should be planted closer to the nose ^[1] .

Rowing is very different from kayaking and canoeing: both in the way of movement and in the loads received from the athlete. Rowing is one of the few sports in which the athlete uses about 95% of the muscles of the whole body. The main differences from kayaking and canoeing are as follows:

• Distance

Varies from 500 meters to 160 kilometers, depending on the nature of the races: Juniors “B” (under 16 years old) - 500-1500 meters, juniors “A” (16-18 years old) from 1000 to 2000 meters, and “U” -23 "and older standard 2000 meters. A race over 2000 meters is considered a marathon.

• Way of movement

For "academics" the forward movement is characteristic, and the movement of the boat is corrected along special paths (buoys)

• Inventory
• Movement speed

Up to 20 km / h (mid-range for 8+) and up to 30 km / h (at “jerks” (start / finish)), this can be judged by the distance covered (2000 m). The fastest boats are considered 8+

• Rowing technique

Academic vessels - narrow narrow sports light boats with oarlocks (brackets) for oars and movable seats (banks). Boats vary in training (amateur) and racing. Training boats are generally wider and have higher sides. ^[2]

At first, the boats were made exclusively of wood, from which the separation of the types of boats by the method of manufacture took shape. The Clinker was lined with a set of longitudinal rails. “Skiff” - plywood or veneer of valuable wood species, later - composite materials . Now, when the “clinker” equipment and “clinker” boats are a thing of the past, it has become customary to call all racing boats “Scythians”. ^[3]

Since the 1980s, boats have been manufactured from carbon materials using a multi-layer sandwich technology, using high-quality epoxy resins as a binder. The cost of boats is high - for example, the cost of a loner starts from 800 000 rubles.

Rowing Equipment Competition Rules Requirement

1. The design of the footboard should allow the rower to leave the boat without the help of hands in the shortest possible time in the event of a rollover.

2. The bow of the boat must be equipped with a white molded rubber ball and a holder for the flyboar.

3. The minimum weight of the boat without oars and radio systems should be:

• 4+ (four steering) - 51 kg
• 2x, 2 - (two pair and wheelless) - 27 kg
• 1x (single) - 14 kg
• 2+ (two steering) - 32 kg
• 4 - (four wheelless) - 50 kg
• 4x (four steam) - 52 kg
• 8+ (eight) - 96 kg

4. The thickness of the blades of the oar oars 3 mm from the edge around the entire perimeter should be at least 5 mm, and for paired oars 2 mm from the edge - at least 3 mm.

Oars

Oars for rowing are made on the basis of epoxy binder "hot" curing , which provides them with high elastic strength properties, operational stability and minimum weight. The rod has an oval cross section and is made by winding, followed by curing under pressure. The paddle blade has a three-layer construction and is made by the method of “direct” pressing.

• Head of the Charles Regatta Regatta is a competition on the Charles River that separates Boston and Cambridge in Massachusetts , USA .
• Henley Royal Regatta
• Oxford - Cambridge is a traditional, annual Thames boat regatta held to find out "whose university is better."

In the West, rowing has a long tradition, which has been strictly observed for several centuries.

• Since the beginning of the 19th century , a classic Royal Regatta has been held on the Thames River in London between the crews of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge .
• The distance is 2 kilometers (with the exception of several classic races in the UK ). Very rarely (most often in youth and veteran races) the distance is one or one and a half kilometers.
• At the start, the equipment is not used - the boats until the start signal keep the stewards of the races.

• Bank - a movable seat (made of plastic or wood), has 4 wheels, moves along runners (rails).
• The footboard - shoes, combined with a metal plate, is used to support and push at the time of rowing. As a rule, in classes without a steering, the right shoe of one of the rowers is connected with the steering mechanism at the bottom of the boat, due to which the boat's course can be adjusted.
• Steering wheel - a metal rod with a plastic end (not always) on one side (located in the water) and a metal plate in the shape of the letter "T" (cables are attached to the sides, the central ledge-arrow is a guide for the helmsman) on the other.
   

  loner
• Skids - two rails designed for the movement of cans inside the boat. They have plastic stops on both ends.
• Branch / bracket - tubes (metal, carbon) fastened in the form of a cone. Mounted on the sides of the boat (left and right for paired, left or right for oar). Used as a fulcrum for an oar.
• Bulwark - a plate (of the same material as the boat itself), mounted perpendicularly along the sides. Serves for protection against splashes.
• Breakwater - fastens behind the first number. Serves to protect against ingress of water during the movement of the boat.
• Hatch - a movable plastic plate in the shape of a circle, with a handle and thread. Serves as a “door” between the environment and the interior of the boat.
• Swivel - a plastic-metal product, mounted on the end of the bracket. Serves for movable fastening of the oar to the boat.
• A carriage is a metal structure on plastic wheels equipped with bearings, which is an element of a movable seat (cans). The carriages have two standard sizes, depending on the distance between the wheels of one axle.
• Stop support - a plastic strap with a movable lock for fastening and changing the location of the stop (footboard) in various types of academic vessels.
• Spout - a rubber ball-shaped tip on the bow of an academic boat. A safety feature to prevent injury to athletes and damage to equipment in a collision.
• The lamb is a plastic retainer for a pair and a swing swivel with a metal threaded insert.
• Heel - plastic paddle lever length limiter.
• Cuffs - a plastic forearm pad for fixing the angle of attack of the scapula in the working phase of the stroke.

• The youngest champion in rowing was only 10 years old. He was put in the place of a sick helmsman. The crew, in which he was, became the winner. It happened in 1900.
• The Englishman Steve Redgrave - the most outstanding athlete in rowing - won for two decades in all world championships and Olympics. Before the 1992 Games in Barcelona, ​​doctors discovered diabetes in Steve, but he still performed and won his third Olympic gold. Then there were two more Olympics - in Atlanta in 1996 and in Sydney in 2000 - at which Steve rose to the highest step of the podium. Steve Redgrave ended his triumphant sports career with a five-time Olympic champion.

• International Rowing Federation
• Rowing basics
• Rowing boat setup
• Regatta
• Rowing at the Olympics
• List of Olympic rowing medalists

• FISA official website
• Russian Rowing Federation
• Rowing Russia
• Rowing Ukraine
• Rowing Azerbaijan
• World Rowers Ranking
• World Rowing • Results Highscores
• The official site of the MOA DOD DYUSSH for water sports "Marine School", Kaliningrad
• Rowing Federation of the Kaliningrad Region
• Olympic champion Dubrovsky Boris Yakovlevich
• Rowing in Pskov information portal